《Artificial Intelligence：A Modern Approach》教学资源（讲义，英文版）chapter22

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ge Langua and tion Communica 22 Chapter 1 22 Chapter

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Outline Communication ♦ r Gramma ♦ analysis Syntactic ♦ Problems ♦ 2 22 Chapter

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unication Comm re-1953): (p view “Classical” logic) (cf. true/false re a that sentences of consists language ost-1953): (p view dern” “Mo action of rm fo a is language estigations v In Philosophical (1953) Wittgenstein ords W with Things Do to w Ho (1962) Austin Acts h eec Sp (1969) rle Sea Why? 3 22 Chapter

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unication Comm re-1953): (p view “Classical” logic) (cf. true/false re a that sentences of consists language ost-1953): (p view dern” “Mo action of rm fo a is language estigations v In Philosophical (1953) Wittgenstein ords W with Things Do to w Ho (1962) Austin Acts h eec Sp (1969) rle Sea Why? 4 22 Chapter

9de 2KqM sov yoaads (696I)aHeas SP.IOM U3IM S3UIUL O03 MOH (796I)unsny suore3sOAuI Teorudosol!ud(ES6I)uI sua3!M uone jo wjoj e s!agenguel (EG6I-sod)MeInuapow,, (1o)asjej/an aue neyl saouanuas jo sisisuoo aenguel :(EG6I-d)MOI esse

unication Comm re-1953): (p view “Classical” logic) (cf. true/false re a that sentences of consists language ost-1953): (p view dern” “Mo action of rm fo a is language estigations v In Philosophical (1953) Wittgenstein ords W with Things Do to w Ho (1962) Austin Acts h eec Sp (1969) rle Sea Why? 5 22 Chapter

9 deyD squage oylo Jo suoraoe ay?e3uey oL 2KqM saoy ypaads(696T)μeaS SP.IOM U3!M SSUIUL O03 MOH (796I)unsny suore3sOAuI leorydosol!ud(EG6I)uasua3!M uonoe jo wjoy e s!agenguel (Eg6T-sod)MaInuapoW,. (13o)asjey/an ae eyl saouaquas jo sisisuo a3enguel :(Eg6I-d)MaI sse, uorjeslunwwo

unication Comm re-1953): (p view “Classical” logic) (cf. true/false re a that sentences of consists language ost-1953): (p view dern” “Mo action of rm fo a is language estigations v In Philosophical (1953) Wittgenstein ords W with Things Do to w Ho (1962) Austin Acts h eec Sp (1969) rle Sea Why? ts agen other of actions the hange c oT 6 22 Chapter

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acts h eec Sp SITUATION Hearer Utterance Speaker goals: er’s eak sp the achieve acts eech Sp ou” y of front in pit a “There’s Inform gold?” the see ou y “Can Query up” it “Pick Command ou” y with gold the re sha “I’ll Promise “OK” wledge kno Ac of wledge kno requires planning act eech Sp Situation – conventions syntactic and Semantic – y rationalit and base, wledge kno goals, rer’s Hea – 7 22 Chapter

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(informing) unication comm in Stages P that H rm info to ants w S tion ten In C context in P ress exp to W rds ow selects S Generation W rds ow utters S thesis Syn 0 C context in 0 W erceives p H erception P n P. . . , 1 P meanings ossible p infers H Analysis i P meaning intended infers H biguation Disam KB into i P rates o rp inco H oration Incorp wrong? go this could w Ho ) P elieve b esn’t do (S y Insincerit – failure ignition wreck eech Sp – utterance Ambiguous – C 6= C( context current of understanding Differing – 0) 9 22 Chapter

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Grammar sentences r fo ols symb isolated use etc. es antelop eys, monk ervet V y capacit generative no ositions, rop p communicable of set restricted ⇒ ) Structures tactic Syn (1957): (Chomsky messages complex of structure ositional comp the ecifies sp r Gramma o-dimensional) w(t music r), (linea text r), (linea eech sp e.g., ols symb terminal of strings of set a is language rmal fo A r gramma the yb analyzed/generated eb can language the in string Each e.g., , rules rewrite of set a is r gramma The VP NP →S . . . | an | a | the → rticle A nonterminals re a VP and NP ol, symb sentence the is S Here 10 22 Chapter