山东农业大学：《英美文学史》课程教学资源（PPT讲稿）Unit 11 New England Transcendentalism and Romantic Age（2/2）

Unit 11 New England Transcendentalism and Romantic Age (2) Washington Iving(1783-1859)

Unit 11 New England Transcendentalism and Romantic Age （2） Washington Iving (1783-1859)

Achievements: 1. Irving is the first belletrist in American literature, writing for pleasure at a time when writing was practical and for useful purposes. 2. He is the first American literary humorist 3. He has written the first modern short stories 4. He is the first to write history and biography as entertainment. 5. He introduced the nonfiction prose as a literary genre. 6 His use of the gothic looks forward to Poe

Achievements: ◼ 1. Irving is the first belletrist in American literature, writing for pleasure at a time when writing was practical and for useful purposes. ◼ 2. He is the first American literary humorist. ◼ 3. He has written the first modern short stories. ◼ 4. He is the first to write history and biography as entertainment. ◼ 5. He introduced the nonfiction prose as a literary genre. ◼ 6. His use of the gothic looks forward to Poe

Study Questions a 1. Compare and contrast Freneau's and Irving s uses of the historical situation as the subject of imaginative literature What makes Irving more successful, and why is he more successful? a 2. Discuss several different ways in which "Rip Van Winkle addresses versions of the american dream 3. Compare Rip van Winkle with Franklin's Father abraham in The Way to Wealth What do the two have in common?

Study Questions ◼ 1. Compare and contrast Freneau's and Irving's uses of the historical situation as the subject of imaginative literature. What makes Irving more successful, and why is he more successful? ◼ 2. Discuss several different ways in which "Rip Van Winkle" addresses versions of the American dream. ◼ 3. Compare Rip Van Winkle with Franklin's Father Abraham in The Way to Wealth. What do the two have in common?

4. Rip van Winkle is an early work that casts the american woman as the cultural villain Analyze the character of Dame Van Winkle in the story and discuss the significance Irving attributes to her death

◼ 4. 'Rip Van Winkle" is an early work that casts the American woman as the cultural villain. Analyze the character of Dame Van Winkle in the story and discuss the significance Irving attributes to her death

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)

ary works Voices of the Night, 1839 Ballads and Other Poems, (includes The Wreck of the Hesperus andThe skeleton in Armor )1841; Poems on Slavery, 1842 The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 1845, Evangeline, 1847, Kavanagh (fiction), 1849; The Song of Haiwatha 1855, The Courtship of Miles Standish 1856: Tales of a Wayside Inn, 1863 Poems, 1886, The Poems of Henry wadsworth Longfellow, 1961

Primary Works ◼ Voices of the Night, 1839; Ballads and Other Poems, (includes "The Wreck of the Hesperus" and "The skeleton in Armor") 1841; Poems on Slavery, 1842; The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems, 1845; Evangeline, 1847; Kavanagh (fiction), 1849; The Song of Haiwatha, 1855; The Courtship of Miles Standish, 1856; Tales of a Wayside Inn, 1863; Poems, 1886; The Poems of Henry wadsworth Longfellow, 1961

Herman melville

Melville-a Brief assessment For twenty years before his death in 1891 Herman Melville was a forgotten man this is best reflected in a couple obituary notices a He won considerable fame as an author by the publication of a book in 1847(actually 1846) entitled Typee. . . This was his best work, although he has since written a number of other stories, which were published more for private than public circulation... During the ten years subsequent to the publication of this book he was employed at the NY custom House. -NY Daily Tribune, september 29, 1891

Melville - A Brief Assessment ◼ For twenty years before his death in 1891, Herman Melville was a forgotten man. This is best reflected in a couple obituary notices: ◼ "He won considerable fame as an author by the publication of a book in 1847 (actually 1846) entitled Typee. ... This was his best work, although he has since written a number of other stories, which were published more for private than public circulation. ... During the ten years subsequent to the publication of this book he was employed at the NY Custom House." - NY Daily Tribune, September 29, 1891

a Of late years Mr. Melville probably because he had ceased his literary activity -has fallen into a literary decline, as a result of which his books are little known Probably if the truth were known even his own generation has long thought him dead, so quiet have been the later years of his life The Press, September 29, 1891

◼ "Of late years Mr. Melville - probably because he had ceased his literary activity - has fallen into a literary decline, as a result of which his books are little known. Probably, if the truth were known, even his own generation has long thought him dead, so quiet have been the later years of his life." - The Press, September 29, 1891

Soon after his death there was a short revival of interest in Melvilles work, Many of his works were published again and so were many appreciative scholarly evaluations. A second Melville revival took place about 1919 coinciding with the centennial of Melvilles birth. Still unpublished was Melvilles last work(Billy Budd, 1924) considered by many to be as important as Moby dick. By 1930s Melville scholarship became prominent(Hugh Hetherington completed the first doctoral dissertation on melville at the Univ, of Michigan in 1933),and, soon after the second world war, a Melville society was organized Through the next two decades melville and his writing attracted more research and scholarship than any other American author

◼ Soon after his death, there was a short revival of interest in Melville's work. Many of his works were published again and so were many appreciative scholarly evaluations. A second Melville revival took place about 1919 coinciding with the centennial of Melville's birth. Still unpublished was Melville's last work (Billy Budd, 1924) considered by many to be as important as Moby Dick. By 1930s Melville scholarship became prominent (Hugh Hetherington completed the first doctoral dissertation on Melville at the Univ. of Michigan in 1933), and, soon after the second world war, a Melville society was organized. Through the next two decades Melville and his writing attracted more research and scholarship than any other American author