山东农业大学：《英美文学史》课程教学资源（PPT讲稿）History of English and American Literature（2/3，朱法荣）

母 Part v The Literature of realism The Gilded age n American HIstory

Part IV The Literature of Realism ____The Gilded Age in American History

Review t Question I What are puritan thoughts Question 2: What is Transcendentalism? E t Question 3: Read and recite 2 pomes, An& Question 4: Presentations for omantic wnters

Review Question I: What are Puritan thoughts? Question 2: What is Transcendentalism? Question 3: Read and recite 2 pomes; Question 4: Presentations for Romantic writers;

e t 2.1 Historical Background &22 Definition of Realism 4 Y 23. Comparison with Naturalism WrA x 2.4 American Realistic Writers

II. The Literature of Realism 2.1. Historical Background 2.2. Definition of Realism 2.3. Comparison with Naturalism 2.4. American Realistic Writers

2.1 Historical Background t 2. 1. 1 The over-triumph of mechanization 4&2.1.2 The waning of over-optimistic Transcendentalism by the 1870s de 2.1.3 Influence from European realistic writers

2.1 Historical Background 2.1.1 The over-triumph of mechanization 2.1.2 The waning of over-optimistic Transcendentalism by the 1870s 2.1.3 Influence from European realistic writers

62. 1. 1 The over-triumph of mechanization A4一 Northern industrialism triumphed over Southern agrarianism tx-discredit man's value & --widen the gap between the rich& the poor, pox--give rise to a show-off (The Gilded Age); P2, 1st paragraph &---accelerate the mobility K12C X--big-city bossism, New York replaced Boston ----increase federal government s power

2.1.1 The over-triumph of mechanization -----Northern industrialism triumphed over Southern agrarianism; -----discredit man’s value; ----widen the gap between the rich & the poor; ----give rise to a show-off (The Gilded Age);P2,1st paragraph; ----accelerate the mobility ; ----big-city bossism, New York replaced Boston; ----increase federal government’s power;

xxe---Balzac C &----zola N-----Flaubert ---Tolstoy

Historical Background -----Balzac -----Zola -----Flaubert -----Tolstoy

Honore de balzac (1799-1850) e i .Well, Balzac was politically a legitimist; his great work is a constant elegy on the irreparable decay of good society, his MM Sympathies are with the class that is doomed to extinction (Friedrich Engels in 1888)

------Honore de Balzac (1799-1850) "...Well, Balzac was politically a legitimist; his great work is a constant elegy on the irreparable decay of good society; his sympathies are with the class that is doomed to extinction ...." (Friedrich Engels in 1888)

Gustave flaubert (1821-1880) &e best-known for MADAME BOVARY (1857), a story of adultery and unhappy love affair of the provincial wife Emma C Bovary. As a writer Flaubert was a perfectionist, who did not make a distinction between a beautiful or ugly subject: all was in the style --- Emile zola(1840-1902) k" l am little concerned with beauty or perfection Idon't care for the great centuries. All I care about is life R struggle, intensity. I am at ease in my generation."(from My Hates, 1866)

--------Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) best-known for MADAME BOVARY (1857), a story of adultery and unhappy love affair of the provincial wife Emma Bovary. As a writer Flaubert was a perfectionist, who did not make a distinction between a beautiful or ugly subject: all was in the style. -------Emile Zola (1840-1902) "I am little concerned with beauty or perfection. I don't care for the great centuries. All I care about is life, struggle, intensity. I am at ease in my generation." (from My Hates, 1866)

2.2 Definition of realism t 2.2.1 Definition of the term Actually, realism is a literary technique broadly defined as "the faithful representation of reality"or Mf sc verisimilitude. "A reaction against romanticism,an interest in scientific method, the systematizing of the study of documentary history, and the influence of rational philosophy all affected the rise of realism

2.2. Definition of Realism 2.2.1 Definition of the term Actually, realism is a literary technique broadly defined as "the faithful representation of reality " or “ verisimilitude. " A reaction against romanticism, an interest in scientific method, the systematizing of the study of documentary history, and the influence of rational philosophy all affected the rise of realism

Nh aCcording to William Harmon and Hugh Holman Where romanticists transcend the immediate to find the ideal and naturalists plumb the actual or superficial to find the R scientific laws that control its actions, realists center their attention to a remarkable degree on the immediate, the here and now the specification, and the verifiable consequence"(A P Handbook to Literature 428)

According to William Harmon and Hugh Holman, "Where romanticists transcend the immediate to find the ideal, and naturalists plumb the actual or superficial to find the scientific laws that control its actions,realists center their attention to a remarkable degree on the immediate, the here and now, the specification, and the verifiable consequence" (A Handbook to Literature 428)