霍乱（PPT课件）Cholera

What is Cholera?

What is Cholera?

Cholera Alife-threatening secretory diarrhea induced by enterotoxin secreted by v cholerae Water-borne illness caused by ingesting water/food contaminated by copepods infected by V cholerae An enterotoxic enteropathy(a non-invasive diarrheal disease) A major epidemic disease

➢ A life-threatening secretory diarrhea induced by enterotoxin secreted by V. cholerae ➢ Water-borne illness caused by ingesting water/food contaminated by copepods infected by V. cholerae ➢ An enterotoxic enteropathy (a non-invasive diarrheal disease) ➢ A major epidemic disease Cholera

Recent Cholera pandemics 1-6th pandemic. V cholerae ol biotype classical 1817-1923. Asia, Africa, Europe. America and australia 7th pandemic. V cholerae ol biotype el Tor Began in Asia in 1961 Spread to other continents in 1970s and 1980s Spread to peru in 1991 and then to most of south central America and to U.S. canada By 1995 in the Americas, >106 cases; 104 dead 1993: Cholera in bengal caused by o139 may be cause of &th pandemic

Recent Cholera Pandemics ➢ 1-6th pandemic: • V. cholerae O1 biotype classical • 1817-1923, Asia, Africa, Europe, America and Australia ➢ 7 th pandemic: • V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor • Began in Asia in 1961 • Spread to other continents in 1970s and 1980s • Spread to Peru in 1991 and then to most of South & Central America and to U.S. & Canada • By 1995 in the Americas, >106 cases; 104 dead ➢ 1993: Cholera in Bengal caused by O139 may be cause of 8th pandemic

丿 brio o dolere gastrone ritis Vibrio pard hemd icus--gastroenteritis oundinfectio, cteremia Vibrio vulnificus -Wound infection, bacteremia

Vibrio • Vibrio cholerae --gastroenteritis • Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- gastroenteritis, wound infection, bacteremia • Vibrio vulnificus -- wound infection, bacteremia

V cholerae Grows in salt and fresh water Endemic in areas of poor sanitation(India and Bangladesh ) transmitted by fecal-oral route Can survive and multiply in brackish water by infecting copepods Has over 150 identified serotypes based on O-antigen Only ol and o139 are toxigenic and cause Cholera disease

➢ Grows in salt and fresh water ➢ Endemic in areas of poor sanitation (India and Bangladesh ), transmitted by fecal-oral route ➢ Can survive and multiply in brackish water by infecting copepods ➢ Has over 150 identified serotypes based on O-antigen ➢ Only O1 and O139 are toxigenic and cause Cholera disease V. cholerae

Classification: O1 Antigen Biotype EI Tor Classical Serotype Ogawa Inaba Hikojima Ogawa (Hikojima Antigens A B A C (A,B,C)A,B A, C (A, B, C) 小川型稻叶型彦岛型

Classification: O1 Antigen 小川型 稻叶型 彦岛型

Classification: Other antigens >o139 Serogrou In 1993, an entirely new serogroup(0139)cause an epidemic in Bangladesh 0139 organisms produce a polysaccharide capsule but do not produce O1 LPS or Ol antigen Non-O1, Non-O139 Serogroup Most are ct(cholera toxin) negative and are not associated with epidemic disease

Classification: Other antigens ➢ O139 Serogroup In 1993, an entirely new serogroup (O139) cause an epidemic in Bangladesh. O139 organisms produce a polysaccharide capsule but do not produce O1 LPS or O1 antigen. ➢ Non-O1, Non-O139 Serogroup Most are CT (cholera toxin) negative and are not associated with epidemic disease

Profile of vibrio cholerae G, curved or comma-shaped rods Highly motile, polar flagellum Sensitive to low pH and die rapidly in solutions below ph 6 Proliferate in summers · Cholera toxin Pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains 206 serogroups

Profile of vibrio cholerae • G-, curved or comma-shaped rods • Highly motile; polar flagellum • Sensitive to low pH and die rapidly in solutions below pH 6 • Proliferate in summers • Cholera toxin • Pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains • 206 serogroups