山东大学：院内感染 Nosocomial Infection（PPT课件讲稿）预防和控制 Prevention and control

Nosocomial lnfection --Prevention and control Wang kefang(王克芳) wangkf(@sdu.edu.cn

Nosocomial Infection ----Prevention and control Wang kefang（王克芳） wangkf@sdu.edu.cn

)Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization 下列物品或情形该怎样处理? 体温计需要消毒吗?该怎样处理? 你发现手上扎了一根小刺,同学找来缝衣针要给你 挑出来,这根缝衣针可以直接用吗? 你从商店里买来一件T恤衫,你穿之前处理吗? 有个亲戚在你家吃住2天,他走后你想消毒一下餐具 和被褥,如何做?

下列物品或情形该怎样处理？ ⚫ 体温计需要消毒吗？该怎样处理？ ⚫ 你发现手上扎了一根小刺，同学找来缝衣针要给你 挑出来，这根缝衣针可以直接用吗？ ⚫ 你从商店里买来一件T恤衫，你穿之前处理吗？ ⚫ 有个亲戚在你家吃住2天，他走后你想消毒一下餐具 和被褥，如何做？ 2 Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization

Concepts Cleaning(清洁) Disinfection(消毒) Sterilization(灭菌)

Concepts Cleaning （清洁） Disinfection（消毒） Sterilization（灭菌）

Concepts Cleaning Cleaning is to remove the dirt from item surface by the use of water detergents and mechanical actions Will remove most organisms from a surface. Remove not kill!!

Concepts Cleaning ◼ Cleaning is to remove the dirt from item surface by the use of water, detergents and mechanical actions. ◼ Will remove most organisms from a surface. Remove not kill！！！

Concepts Cleaning Disinfection a process that eliminates/kills almost all pathogens on objects, except of bacterial spores, to decrease the number of them to a harmless level

Concepts Cleaning Disinfection ◼ A process that eliminates/kills almost all pathogens on objects, except of bacterial spores, to decrease the number of them to a harmless level

Concepts Cleaning Disinfection Sterilization a process that destroys all forms of microorganisms, including bacterial spores

Concepts Cleaning Disinfection Sterilization ◼ A process that destroys all forms of microorganisms, including bacterial spores

Decontamination Steps C cleaning Sterilization Disinfection Steam( Dry( Chim-/High-level Intermediate Low-level level under Pressure Heat disinfection disinfection ical disinfection Use or storage

Decontamination Steps

Levels of disinfection and sterilization Low-level disinfection(LLD),Intermediate-level disinfection(ILD), High-level disinfection(HLD) Level Bacteria Fung Viruses (真菌) Lipid Nonlipid Vegetative Tubercle Spores bacilli sterilization HLD LD + LLD

Levels of disinfection and sterilization Level Bacteria Fungi (真菌) Viruses Lipid Nonlipid Vegetative Tubercle bacilli Spores sterilization ﹢ ﹢ ﹢ ﹢ ﹢ ﹢ HLD ﹢ ﹢ ± ﹢ ﹢ ﹢ ILD ﹢ ﹢ ﹣ ﹢ ﹢ ± LLD ﹢ ﹣ ﹣ ﹣ ﹢ ﹣ Low-level disinfection (LLD) ,Intermediate-level disinfection (ILD),High-level disinfection (HLD)

How to select disinfection and sterilization Items' risk to patients a High risk(critical) items a Intermediate risk(semi-critical) items a Low risk(noncritical) items

◼ Items’ risk to patients ❑ High risk(critical) items ❑ Intermediate risk (semi-critical) items ❑ Low risk (noncritical) items How to select disinfection and sterilization

How to select disinfection and sterilization Items' risk to patients a High risk(critical) items Items that reach the sterile tissues or organs( such as body cavities and the vascular system). Items: Surgical instruments, syringes Items should be sterilized before using

◼ Items’ risk to patients ❑ High risk(critical) items ◼ Items that reach the sterile tissues or organs( such as body cavities and the vascular system). ◼ Items: Surgical instruments, syringes ◼ Items should be sterilized before using How to select disinfection and sterilization