《宏观经济学》（双语版）multiplier

少( Lnvestment=16((( employment GDP-DI consumptionI saving 50 280 276 55 300 292 60 320 308 12 6 340 24 70 360 340 20 75 380 356 24 80 400 372 28

employment GDP=DI consumption saving 50 280 276 4 55 300 292 8 60 320 308 12 65 340 324 16 70 360 340 20 75 380 356 24 80 400 372 28 Investment=16

S=24 16 S=8 300360 380

16 I I S S 360 380 Y S=24 300 S=8

GDP=C DI 430 420 20 450 435 20 470 450 20 490 465 25 20 510 480 30 530 495 35 20 550 510 40

GDP= DI C S I 430 420 10 20 450 435 15 20 470 450 20 20 490 465 25 20 510 480 30 20 530 495 35 20 550 510 40 20

GDP=C Aggregate DI expenditures 430 420 20 20 460 450 435 15 20 20 475 470 450 20 20 20 490 490 465 25 20 20 505 510 480 30 20 520 530 495 35 20 20 535 550 510 40 20 550

GDP= DI C S I G Aggregate expenditures 430 420 10 20 20 460 450 435 15 20 20 475 470 450 20 20 20 490 490 465 25 20 20 505 510 480 30 20 20 520 530 495 35 20 20 535 550 510 40 20 20 550

C+I+G C+I 45 ■■■ 470 550 The condition of equilibrium: Y=C+I+G

I 470 Y C+I 550 The condition of equilibrium: Y=C+I+G 45 。 C+I+G

I+G 20 470 550Y The condition of equilibrium: S=I+G

20 I I S S 470 Y I+G 550 The condition of equilibrium: S=I+G

Expansionary fiscal policy(扩张性财政政 策) Increased government spending(增加 政府支出 ■ Lower taxes(减税) A combination of the two

Expansionary fiscal policy (扩张性财政政 策) ◼ Increased government spending(增加 政府支出) ◼ Lower taxes（减税） ◼ A combination of the two

Restrictively fiscal policy(张性财政政策) Decreased government spending(减少 政府支出 Higher taxes(增税) A combination of the two

Restrictively fiscal policy (扩张性财政政策) ◼ Decreased government spending(减少 政府支出) ◼ Higher taxes（增税） ◼ A combination of the two