南昌大学：《会计学》ACCA课件（英文版）Chapter 9 Application：International Trade

Application International trade Chapter g

Application: International Trade Chapter 9

International Trade What determines whether a country imports or exports a good? Who gains and who loses from free trade among countries What are the arguments that people used to advocate trade restrictions

International Trade • What determines whether a country imports or exports a good? • Who gains and who loses from free trade among countries? • What are the arguments that people used to advocate trade restrictions?

Equilibrium without trade assume A country is isolated from rest of the world and process steel o The market for steel consists of the buyers and sellers in the country. o no one in the country is allowed to import or export steel

Equilibrium without Trade Assume: • A country is isolated from rest of the world and process steel. • The market for steel consists of the buyers and sellers in the country. • No one in the country is allowed to import or export steel

Equilibrium without trade C of steel Domestic supply Consumer surplus equilibriun… Price Producer sur Domestic demand Equilibrium Quantity quantity of steel

Equilibrium without Trade Price of Steel Equilibrium Price 0 Quantity of Steel Equilibrium quantity Domestic supply Domestic demand Producer surplus Consumer surplus

Equilibrium without trade Results Domestic price adjusts to balance demand and supply o The sum of consumer and producer surplus measures the total benefits that buvers and sellers receive

Equilibrium without Trade Results: • Domestic price adjusts to balance demand and supply. • The sum of consumer and producer surplus measures the total benefits that buyers and sellers receive

World price and Comparative advantage o If the country decides to engage in international trade, will it be an importer or exporter of steel? The effects of free trade can be shown by comparing the domestic price of a good without trade and the world price of the good. The world price refers to the prevailing price in the world markets a country will either be an exporter or an importer of the good

World Price and Comparative Advantage • If the country decides to engage in international trade, will it be an importer or exporter of steel? • The effects of free trade can be shown by comparing the domestic price of a good without trade and the world price of the good. The world price refers to the prevailing price in the world markets. • A country will either be an exporter or an importer of the good

World price and Comparative advantage o If a country has a comparative advantage then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good o If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be higher than the world price, and the country will be an importer of the good

• If a country has a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good. • If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be higher than the world price, and the country will be an importer of the good. World Price and Comparative Advantage

International Trade in an Exporting Country. Price of steel Domestic supply Price after World trade brice PI rice before……… trade Exports Domestic d eman 0 Domestic domestic Quanti quantit quantity of steel demanded supplied

Price of Steel 0 Quantity of Steel Domestic demand International Trade in an Exporting Country... Domestic supply World price Price after trade Exports Domestic quantity demanded Domestic quantity supplied Price before trade

How Free trade affects welfare in an Exporting Country. Price of steel Domestic supply Consumer surplus before trade A Price after World trade B brice PI rice before trade Producer surplus Domestic before trade d eman 0 Quanti of steel

Price of Steel 0 Quantity of Steel World price Domestic demand How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country... Domestic supply Price after trade Price before trade A Consumer surplus before trade B C Producer surplus before trade

How Free trade affects welfare in an Exporting Country. Price of steel Domestic Consumer surplus supply after trade A Exports Price after World trade B D brice PI ice before l………… trade Producer surplus after trade Domestic demand 0 Quanti of steel

Price of Steel 0 Quantity of Steel World price Domestic demand Domestic supply Price after trade Price before trade A Consumer surplus after trade C B Producer surplus after trade D Exports How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country