《生物化学》课程PPT教学课件（留学生）Chapter 30 DNA Structure and Replication

BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYChapter30DNAStructureandReplicationDepartment of Biochemistryand Molecular Biology,MedicineSchool

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Chapter 30 DNA Structure and Replication

山BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGY1.overviewNucleicacidThe basic unit is nucleotide to formmacromolecular , it carries and delivergenetic information.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1. overview Nucleic acid The basic unit is nucleotide to form macromolecular，it carries and deliver genetic information

BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYFindingnucleic acid and progress ofresearchworkThe year of 1868 Fridrich Miescher extract nucleicsubstance from purulence cellThe year of 1944 Avery confirm DNA is genetic substanceThe year of 1953 Watson and Crick found the Double helixstructure of DNAThe year of 1968 Nirenberg found genetic codonThe year of 1975 Temin and Baltimore found reversetranscriptaseDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Finding nucleic acid and progress of research work The year of 1868 Fridrich Miescher extract nucleic substance from purulence cell The year of 1944 Avery confirm DNA is genetic substance The year of 1953 Watson and Crick found the Double helix structure of DNA The year of 1968 Nirenberg found genetic codon The year of 1975 Temin and Baltimore found reverse transcriptase

BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGY:The year of 1981 Gilbert and Sangerfound DNAsequencing The year of 1985 Mullis found PCR technique The year of 1990 human genome project(HGP)started in USA: The year of 1994 human genome project(HGP) ofChina started in China The year of 2001 human genome project of basicresearch work finished by USA and Great BritainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY • The year of 1981 Gilbert and Sanger found DNA sequencing • The year of 1985 Mullis found PCR technique • The year of 1990 human genome project(HGP) started in USA • The year of 1994 human genome project(HGP) of China started in China • The year of 2001 human genome project of basic research work finished by USA and Great Britain

BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYClassificationand distribution ofnucleicacidin cell(DNA ,deoxyribonucleic acid)Over 90% in nucleus, the other in mitochondriachloroplast and plasmid. Containing geneticinformation and determine the genotype of biology(RNA, ribonucleic acid)Distribution in cytosol and nucleus. Participate indelivering DNAgenetic information expression inintracellular.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Classification and distribution of nucleic acid in cell Over 90% in nucleus，the other in mitochondria chloroplast and plasmid. Containing genetic information and determine the genotype of biology. (DNA ,deoxyribonucleic acid) (RNA, ribonucleic acid) Distribution in cytosol and nucleus. Participate in delivering DNA genetic information expression in intracellular

山BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYStructure of DNAComponent of nucleic acid1. Component of elementC、H、O、N、P (9~10%)2. Molecular component (basic component unitis nucleotide or deoxynucleotide) Base: Purine, PyrimidineRibose: Ribose, DeoxyribosePhosphateDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Structure of DNA Component of nucleic acid 1. Component of element C、H、O、N、P（9~10%） 2. Molecular component (basic component unit is nucleotide or deoxynucleotide) —— Base：Purine，Pyrimidine —— Ribose：Ribose，Deoxyribose —— Phosphate

NH2BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYNBase(purineandpyrimidine2NHN67(adenine, A)58249O3NHNNNHPurineNHNH2N(guanine, G)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Purine N N NH N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 N N NH N NH2 (adenine, A) N NH NH N NH2 O (guanine, G) Base(purine and pyrimidine)

?BIOCHEMISTFANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYNH4N5326入NH中NHPyrimidine(uracil, U)ONH2H3CNHNH?NH(thymine. T)C)(cytosine,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,MedicineSchool

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY N NH 1 3 2 4 5 6 Pyrimidine (cytosine, C) N NH NH2 O (uracil, U) NH NH O O (thymine, T) NH NH O O H3 C

BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYPentoseHO—CH2HO—CH2OHOH5O142'3OHOHOH(ribose)(deoxyribose)(DNA)(RNA)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pentose （RNA） 1´ 3´ 2´ 4´ 5´ OH O HO CH2 OH OH (ribose) （DNA） OH O HO CH2 OH (deoxyribose)

BIOCHEMISTRYANDMOLECULARBIOLOGYRibonucleosideBase link ribose or deoxyribose byNH2glycosidic bond to form ribonucleoside.Ribonucleoside: AR, GR, UR, CRHO-CH2Deoxyribonucleoside: dAR, dGR.dTR, dCROH OHDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Medicine School

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine School BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Ribonucleoside：AR, GR, UR, CR Deoxyribonucleoside：dAR, dGR, dTR, dCR Ribonucleoside Base link ribose or deoxyribose by glycosidic bond to form ribonucleoside. HO O C H2 OH OH N N NH2 O 1´ 1