东华大学出版社：《汉译英理论与实践教程》教材电子教案（PPT课件讲稿，简版，第1、2、3、4章，著：程永生）

汉译英理论与实践教程 练习参考答案 程永生著

汉译英理论与实践教程 程永生 著 练习参考答案

目录 ●第一章汉语词语英译 第二章现代汉语句子英译 ●第三章现代汉语段落英译 ●第四章汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译

目录 ⚫ 第一章 汉语词语英译 ⚫ 第二章 现代汉语句子英译 ⚫ 第三章 现代汉语段落英译 ⚫ 第四章 汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译

第一章汉语词语英译 第一节汉语词语与词语翻译机制 ●第二节汉语成语与熟语英译 第三节汉语人名地名英译 ●第四节汉语职官体系名称与职官名称英译 ●第五节汉语中带数字的词语英译 ●第六节汉语天文、历法与节气方面的词语英译 ●第七节现代汉语时新词语英译

第一章 汉语词语英译 ⚫ 第一节 汉语词语与词语翻译机制 ⚫ 第二节 汉语成语与熟语英译 ⚫ 第三节 汉语人名地名英译 ⚫ 第四节 汉语职官体系名称与职官名称英译 ⚫ 第五节 汉语中带数字的词语英译 ⚫ 第六节 汉语天文、历法与节气方面的词语英译 ⚫ 第七节 现代汉语时新词语英译

第一章汉语词语英译 第一节汉语词语与词语翻译机制 ●第二节汉语成语与熟语英译 第三节汉语人名地名英译 ●第四节汉语职官体系名称与职官名称英译 第五节汉语中带数字的词语英译 第六节汉语天文、历法与节气方面的词语英译 ●第七节现代汉语时新词语英译

第一章 汉语词语英译 ⚫ 第一节 汉语词语与词语翻译机制 ⚫ 第二节 汉语成语与熟语英译 ⚫ 第三节 汉语人名地名英译 ⚫ 第四节 汉语职官体系名称与职官名称英译 ⚫ 第五节 汉语中带数字的词语英译 ⚫ 第六节 汉语天文、历法与节气方面的词语英译 ⚫ 第七节 现代汉语时新词语英译

第一节汉语词语与词语 翻译机制 Answers to Questions 1-5

第一节 汉语词语与词语 翻译机制 ⚫Answers to Questions 1—5

Answer to Question 1 The Chinese lexical items mainly consist of words and phrases, including idioms, set phrases, proverbs allegorical sayings and so on Chinese lexical items can be divided in terms of parts of speech, function and so on. In terms of parts of speech, Chinese lexical items, especially words, can be divided into nouns verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, etc. In terms of function Chinese lexical items can fall into ordinary words proper words, technical terms, and so on, as well as sayings, including idioms, set phrases, proverbs allegorical sayings, etc

Answer to Question 1 ⚫ The Chinese lexical items mainly consist of words and phrases, including idioms, set phrases, proverbs, allegorical sayings and so on. Chinese lexical items can be divided in terms of parts of speech, function and so on. In terms of parts of speech, Chinese lexical items, especially words, can be divided into nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, etc. In terms of function, Chinese lexical items can fall into ordinary words, proper words, technical terms, and so on, as well as sayings, including idioms, set phrases, proverbs, allegorical sayings, etc

Answer to Question 2 Actually any unit of a Chinese text can serve as the bearer of Chinese culture and constitutes part of the chinese culture. but chinese lexical items in a sense, embody the chinese culture more typically than others, at least seemingly more typically. For example, for years, we have introduced English sentence patterns into the Chinese language so that when we say“如果你不 来,我们就不给你留位子了”, we cannot say for sure that it is a typical Chinese sentence free from any English influence

Answer to Question 2 ⚫ Actually any unit of a Chinese text can serve as the bearer of Chinese culture and constitutes part of the Chinese culture, but Chinese lexical items, in a sense, embody the Chinese culture more typically than others, at least seemingly more typically. For example, for years, we have introduced English sentence patterns into the Chinese language so that when we say “如果你不 来，我们就不给你留位子了” ，we cannot say for sure that it is a typical Chinese sentence free from any English influence

Answer to Question 2 (continued) for the English translation would be, to some extent, structurally a Chinese equivalent: If you do not come, we will not keep the seat for you. Such sentential similarities can be easily located in both languages. However, when it comes to a chinese personal name, a Chinese place name, a name for a Chinese utensil. a name for a chinese architecture, a Chinese idiom, a Chinese set phrase a Chinese proverb

Answer to Question 2 (continued) ⚫ for the English translation would be, to some extent, structurally a Chinese equivalent: If you do not come, we will not keep the seat for you. Such sentential similarities can be easily located in both languages. However, when it comes to a Chinese personal name, a Chinese place name, a name for a Chinese utensil, a name for a Chinese architecture, a Chinese idiom, a Chinese set phrase, a Chinese proverb

Answer to Question 2 (continued) o a Chinese allegorical saying and so on, such similarities can hardly readily be found, and all these items cannot be fully understood without referring to the Chinese culture. For example, when we say四合院, it will conjures up a picture different from an English flat. In terms of value in de Saussre 's sense, the chinese叔叔 is not worth as much as the English uncle

Answer to Question 2 (continued) ⚫ a Chinese allegorical saying and so on, such similarities can hardly readily be found, and all these items cannot be fully understood without referring to the Chinese culture. For example, when we say 四合院，it will conjures up a picture different from an English flat. In terms of value, in de Saussre”s sense, the Chinese 叔叔is not worth as much as the English uncle

Answer to Question 3 For translation of lexical items from Chinese into English, there are such mechanisms as sound translation, meaning translation, sound-meaning translation and so on. Occasionally, people add notes to the translation of chinese lexical items or stretch the translation to a prolonged length to include the cultural or social meaning of a particular Chinese lexical item. However, no matter by what mechanism, we cannot al ways, if we can on some occasions, revive the meaning of the original completely

Answer to Question 3 For translation of lexical items from Chinese into English, there are such mechanisms as sound translation, meaning translation, sound-meaning translation and so on. Occasionally, people add notes to the translation of Chinese lexical items or stretch the translation to a prolonged length to include the cultural or social meaning of a particular Chinese lexical item. However, no matter by what mechanism, we cannot always, if we can on some occasions, revive the meaning of the original completely