南京农业大学：《生物化学 Biochemistry》课程教学资源（PPT课件）核酸与基因 Concept of Nucleic acid and the Gene

第4节核酸与基因 Concept of nucleic acid and the gene

第 4 节 核酸与基因 Concept of Nucleic acid and the Gene

基因的概念 些

一 基因的概念

早期的基因概念 经典的基因概念 基因概念的演变与发展 基因的分子结构 基因概念的多样性

早期的基因概念 经典的基因概念 基因概念的演变与发展 基因的分子结构 基因概念的多样性

融合遗传理论( Blending inheritant) 母本体液 父本体液 子代具有父,母双亲的性状 获得性遗传理论( nheritance of acquired characters) L.B. Lamarck 物种一加强和完善对环境的适应一逐渐转变为新种 获得的性状是由环境影响(非遗传物质的改变) 新性状一旦获得,便能遗传给后代

融合遗传理论 （Blending inheritane） 母本体液 父本体液 子代具有父，母双亲的性状 + • 获得的性状是由环境影响(非遗传物质的改变) • 新性状一旦获得,便能遗传给后代 L.B.Lamarck 获得性遗传理论(Inheritance of acquired characters) • 物种 加强和完善对环境的适应 逐渐转变为新种

泛生论假说( Hypothesis of the pangenesis C. Darwin 1868

泛生论假说 （Hypothesis of the Pangenesis） C. Darwin 1868

种质论( Theory of germplasm) A.Wem1883. Germeplasm-+ Germplasm Germplasm L Somatoplasm L Somatoplasm Root stem, Leaf

种质论（Theory of germplasm） Germeplasm Somatoplasm Root, Stem, Leaf…… A.Weismann 1883. Somatoplasm → Germplasm → Germplasm

孟德尔(1823-1884)“遗传学之父” 阐迷了遗传学的分高和自由组合两大定 律,以及“基因”的概念

孟德尔 (1823-1884) “遗传学之父” 阐述了遗传学的分离和自由组合两大定 律，以及“基因”的概念

Pure yellow Pure green Mendelweb如 Mendel's paper in English Hybrid yellow Experiments in Plant Hybridization (1865 by Gregor Mendel Read at the meetings of February 8th, and March 8th, 1865 a Seoond generation Versuche uber Pflanzen-Hybriden Mendel Web Notes The Readet' merde [1]Introductory Remarks Experience of artificial fertilization, such as is effected with ornamental plants in order to obtain new variations in color, has led to the experiments which will here be discussed. The striking regularity with which the same hybrid forms always reappeared whenever fertilization took place between the same species induced further experiments to be undertaken, the object of which was to follow up the developments of the hybrids in their progeny

Mendel's Paper in English Experiments in Plant Hybridization (1865) by Gregor Mendel Read at the meetings of February 8th, and March 8th, 1865 [1] Introductory Remarks Experience of artificial fertilization, such as is effected with ornamental plants in order to obtain new variations in color, has led to the experiments which will here be discussed. The striking regularity with which the same hybrid forms always reappeared whenever fertilization took place between the same species induced further experiments to be undertaken, the object of which was to follow up the developments of the hybrids in their progeny

遗传因子假说( Hypothesis of the inherited factor) G J Mendel 1866 生物性状由遗传因子控制 亲代传给子代的是遗传因子(A,a. 遗传因子在体细胞内成双(AA,aa), 在生殖细胞内为单(A,a) 杂合子后代体细胞内具有成双的 遗传因子(Aa) 等位的遗传因子独立分离,非等 位遗传因子间自由组合地分配到 配子中

遗传因子假说(Hypothesis of the inherited factor) G. J. Mendel 1866. • 生物性状由遗传因子控制 • 亲代传给子代的是遗传因子(A,a….) • 遗传因子在体细胞内成双(AA,aa), 在生殖细胞内为单（A,a） • 杂合子后代体细胞内具有成双的 遗传因子(Aa) • 等位的遗传因子独立分离,非等 位遗传因子间自由组合地分配到 配子中

摩尔根: 阐述了遗传学的连锁与交换定律, 被誉为“现代实验生物学奠基人”。 尔根185

摩尔根： 阐述了遗传学的连锁与交换定律， 被誉为“现代实验生物学奠基人