复旦大学：《学术英语（管理科学）Academic English for Business》学术英语写作教学课件_7. Use of language - Formality

Use of language Guide to academic writing in business vil

Use of language Guide to academic writing in business VII

Tone of academic writing Not only personal opinion But also professional insights and suggestions, based on the analysis and synthesis of multiple sources of data and information →Tone: not emotional, personal, but serious, objective, and persuasive

Tone of academic writing • Not only personal opinion • But also professional insights and suggestions, based on the analysis and synthesis of multiple sources of data and information. Tone: • not emotional, personal, • but serious, objective, and persuasive

Use of language Four principles of English academic writing Formality Modesty Clarity Efficiency

Use of language Four principles of English academic writing • Formality • Modesty • Clarity • Efficiency Formality

Formality What is formal and what is not Think about it in this way Words that are used a lot when speaking(e.g. big good,'well, a lot),or a technique that is used a lot in speeches(e. g asking the audience questions) are unlikely to be used in formal writing

Formality • What is formal and what is not? • Think about it in this way: – Words that are used a lot when speaking (e.g. ‘big’, ‘good’, ‘well’, ‘a lot’ ), or – a technique that is used a lot in speeches (e.g. asking the audience questions) are unlikely to be used in formal writing

Use of language Examples of mistakes that l2 students tend to make Try to work out what the mistakes are and how you could correct them

Use of language • Examples of mistakes that L2 students tend to make • Try to work out what the mistakes are and how you could correct them

Formality Example 1: What else can we expect from the internet? Firstly, we expect and hope to have an improvement of the services in the near future

Formality • Example 1: • What else can we expect from the internet? Firstly, we expect and hope to have an improvement of the services in the near future

Formality Example 1: What else can we expect from the internet? Firstly, we expect and hope to have an improvement of the services in the near future Ask a question here and then answer it This is a technique used in speeches to involve the audience Academic writing directly addresses the question instead of asking a question

Formality • Example 1: • What else can we expect from the internet? Firstly, we expect and hope to have an improvement of the services in the near future. • Ask a question here and then answer it. • This is a technique used in speeches to involve the audience. • Academic writing directly addresses the question instead of asking a question

Formality Example 1: An improvement would be The future of the internet will be decided by the needs of its customers. One development is therefore likely to be service improvement

Formality • Example 1: • An improvement would be: • The future of the internet will be decided by the needs of its customers. One development is therefore likely to be service improvement

Formality Example 2: Secondly, we need to reduce the internet service access fees. Moreover, there are always technological developments in the pipeline

Formality • Example 2: • Secondly, we need to reduce the internet service access fees. Moreover, there are always technological developments in the pipeline

Formality Example 2: Secondly, we need to reduce the internet service access fees. Moreover, there are always technological developments in the pipeline We can avoid the we by saying Another customer requirement is a reduction in access fees

Formality • Example 2: • Secondly, we need to reduce the internet service access fees. Moreover, there are always technological developments in the pipeline. • We can avoid the ‘we’ by saying – Another customer requirement is a reduction in access fees