上海交通大学：《药理学 Pharmacology》课程教学资源（讲义课件）General anesthetics（全身麻醉药）Anti-epileptics（抗癫痫药）

General anesthetics (全身麻醉药) Anti-epileptics (抗癫痫药)

General anesthetics （全身麻醉药） Anti-epileptics （抗癫痫药）

Anesthesia before drugs Acupuncture ● Before Christian era(BC),2nd Century, 陀，麻沸散刮骨疗毒(scopolamine?)；水浒： “蒙汉药”（洋金花？莨菪类植物) Before mid-19th century:making patient shock by bleeding;.. ● 1930's,strong men holding down the struggling patient while the surgeon worked as fast as possible OEunuch:testes were removed after drunk and/heavily being knocked on the head

 Acupuncture  Before Christian era (BC), 2nd Century，华 陀，麻沸散刮骨疗毒 (scopolamine?)； 水浒： “蒙汉药” （洋金花？莨菪类植物）  Before mid-19th century: making patient shock by bleeding; …  1930’s，strong men holding down the struggling patient while the surgeon worked as fast as possible  Eunuch：testes were removed after drunk and/heavily being knocked on the head Anesthesia before drugs

Story of general anesthetics 1842.3.30,American countryside doctor C.W.Long covered the nose of the patient with the towel sprinkling ether and removed the cervical cyst successfully

Story of general anesthetics • 1842.3.30, American countryside doctor C. W. Long covered the nose of the patient with the towel sprinkling ether and removed the cervical cyst successfully

Definition General anesthesia:a state characterized by unconsciousness,.analgesia（镇痛)， amnesia（记忆缺失)，skeletal muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes. (different from just pain relieving)

General anesthesia: a state characterized by unconsciousness, analgesia（镇痛）, amnesia（记忆缺失）, skeletal muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes. (different from just pain relieving) Definition

Larynx Trachea Right Lung Left Lung Bronchi

trachea bronchus bronchiole

bronchus trachea bronchiole

alveolus bronchiole lumen capillary vessel

alveolus bronchiole lumen capillary vessel

capillaries in alveolar walls- alveolar air space bronchiolar epithelium bronchiole lumen

Routes of general anesthetics into and out of the body 。airway→alveoli→blood→brain 。airway←alveoli←blood-brain

Routes of general anesthetics into and out of the body • airway →alveoli →blood →brain • airway ←alveoli ←blood ←brain