上海交通大学：《药理学 Pharmacology》课程教学资源（讲义课件）Anti-bacterial drugs——general principles

Anti-bacterial drugs general principles

Anti-bacterial drugs ——general principles

What is the main difference between previously learnt drugs and the "antimicrobial drugs"? "Chemotherapeutic drugs" Narrow definition:any chemical used to treat cancer. Broad definition:

What is the main difference between previously learnt drugs and the “antimicrobial drugs”? “Chemotherapeutic drugs” Narrow definition: any chemical used to treat cancer. Broad definition:

Chemotherapeutic drugs: Anti-microbial drugs Anti-parasitic drugs √Anti-tumor drugs

Chemotherapeutic drugs: Anti-microbial drugs Anti-parasitic drugs Anti-tumor drugs

Data related to infectious diseases Before1940's,pneumonia(肺炎)、 dysentery(痢疾)、typhoid fever(伤寒)、 black death(鼠疫)、diphtheria(白喉)、 malaria(疟疾)、...-incurable disease 1930-1949,Shanghai infectious diseases death:565/100000 persons 1990,0.52/100000 1949,life expectancy 39 years old 2010,82.18(Shanghai))

Before 1940’s, pneumonia（肺炎）、 dysentery(痢疾)、typhoid fever(伤寒)、 black death(鼠疫)、diphtheria(白喉)、 malaria(疟疾）、……- incurable disease 1930-1949, Shanghai infectious diseases death: 565/100000 persons 1990, 0.52/100000 1949, life expectancy 39 years old 2010, 82.18 (Shanghai) Data related to infectious diseases

General principles of antimicrobial therapy ◆Introduction ◆Mechanism of action Antibiotic Resistance General principles of clinical use

General principles of antimicrobial therapy Introduction Mechanism of action Antibiotic Resistance General principles of clinical use

Definition Anti-microbial drugs: Antibiotics:substances produced by or semi-synthesized from various species of microorganisms (bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes)that suppress the growth of other microorganisms. Synthetic antimicrobial agents,such as sulfonamides(磺胺)，quinolones(喹 诺酮)，…

Definition Anti-microbial drugs: Antibiotics: substances produced by or semi-synthesized from various species of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) that suppress the growth of other microorganisms. Synthetic antimicrobial agents, such as sulfonamides（磺胺） , quinolones（喹 诺酮） ,

Why bacteria produce antibiotics?

Why bacteria produce antibiotics?

Classification According to the actions against the type of organism 。Antibacterial drugs 。Antiviral drugs ·Antifungal drugs ·Antiprotozoal drugs

Classification According to the actions against the type of organism • Antibacterial drugs • Antiviral drugs • Antifungal drugs • Antiprotozoal drugs

The discovery of Penicillin ● 1928:Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic. He observed that Penicillium fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin,that killed S. aureus. Penicillium Dr Howard W Florey and his colony German associate Dr Ernest Boris Chain attempting to extract the essential substance from Fleming's Bacteria inhibited mould. ● 12 February,1941,the first dose of isolated penicillin was Bacteria injected into a human being Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945

• 1928: Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic. • He observed that Penicillium fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed S. aureus. • Dr Howard W Florey and his German associate Dr Ernest Boris Chain attempting to extract the essential substance from Fleming's mould. • 12 February, 1941, the first dose of isolated penicillin was injected into a human being • Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 The discovery of Penicillin

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" Sir Alexander Ernst Boris Chain Sir Howard Walter Fleming Florey