上海交通大学：《哲学、科学、技术 Philosophy , Science and Technology》课程教学资源（PPT课件）德瑞弗斯 Hubert Dreyfus

01 Hubert Dreyfus

Hubert Dreyfus

Hubert Lederer Dreyfus (born October 15,1929)is an American philosopher.He is a professor of philosophy at the University of California,Berkeley. Prof.Dreyfus suffers from a mild case of prosopagnosia or "face blindness".So,although he has met you before,and sometimes more than once,it is quite probable than he will not recognize you when you meet again.Please,re- introduce yourself telling him when and where you met the previous time(s).Thank you

 Hubert Lederer Dreyfus  (born October 15, 1929) is an American philosopher. He is a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley.  Prof. Dreyfus suffers from a mild case of prosopagnosia or "face blindness". So, although he has met you before, and sometimes more than once, it is quite probable than he will not recognize you when you meet again. Please, re￾introduce yourself telling him when and where you met the previous time(s). Thank you

His main interests include phenomenology, existentialism and the philosophy of both psychology and literature,as well as the philosophical implications of artificial intelligence.Dreyfus is known for his exegesis of Martin Heidegger,which critics labeled "Dreydegger".Many of his students have gone to do work on themes related to Heidegger and phenomenology,including Charles Guignon, Mark Wrathall,Sean Kelly,John Haugeland,and John Richardson

 His main interests include phenomenology, existentialism and the philosophy of both psychology and literature, as well as the philosophical implications of artificial intelligence. Dreyfus is known for his exegesis of Martin Heidegger, which critics labeled "Dreydegger". Many of his students have gone to do work on themes related to Heidegger and phenomenology, including Charles Guignon, Mark Wrathall, Sean Kelly, John Haugeland, and John Richardson

Dreyfus's criticism of AI Main article:Dreyfus'critique of artificial intelligence Dreyfus's critique of artificial intelligence (Al)concerns what he considers to be the four primary assumptions of AI research.The first two assumptions are what he calls the "biological"and "psychological"assumptions.The biological assumption is that the brain is analogous to computer hardware and the mind is analogous to computer software.The psychological assumption is that the mind works by performing discrete computations (in the form of algorithmic rules)on discrete representations or symbols

 Dreyfus's criticism of AI  Main article: Dreyfus' critique of artificial intelligence  Dreyfus's critique of artificial intelligence (AI) concerns what he considers to be the four primary assumptions of AI research. The first two assumptions are what he calls the "biological" and "psychological" assumptions. The biological assumption is that the brain is analogous to computer hardware and the mind is analogous to computer software. The psychological assumption is that the mind works by performing discrete computations (in the form of algorithmic rules) on discrete representations or symbols

1965."Alchemy and Artificial Intelligence".Rand Paper. 1972.What Computers Can't Do:The Limits of Artificial Intelligence. ISBN0-06-011082-1 1979.What Computers Can't Do:The Limits of Artificial Intelligence. revised)ISBN0-06-090613-8,ISBN0-06-090624-3. 1983.(with Paul Rabinow)Michel Foucault:Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics.Chicago,Ill:The University of Chicago Press.ISBN 978-0- 226-16312-3 1986(with Stuart Dreyfus).Mind Over Machine:The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer.New York:Free Press. 1991.Being-in-the-World:A Commentary on Heidegger's Being and Time,Division I.Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.ISBN 0-262-54056-8,ISBN 978-0-262-54056-8 1992.What Computers Still Can't Do:A Critique of Artificial Reason. Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.ISBN 0-262-54067-3 G

 1965. "Alchemy and Artificial Intelligence". Rand Paper.  1972. What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence. ISBN 0-06-011082-1  1979. What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence. (revised) ISBN 0-06-090613-8, ISBN 0-06-090624-3.  1983. (with Paul Rabinow) Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago, Ill: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0- 226-16312-3  1986 (with Stuart Dreyfus). Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. New York: Free Press.  1991. Being-in-the-World: A Commentary on Heidegger's Being and Time, Division I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-54056-8, ISBN 978-0-262-54056-8  1992. What Computers Still Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-54067-3

In Alchemy and Al and What Computers Can't HobertLDnyfus What Do,Dreyfus identified Computers Can't Do思 AHADTEUGENCE four philosophical assumptions that supported the faith of early AI researchers that human intelligence depended Book cover of the 1979 paperback edition on the manipulation of symbols S

 In Alchemy and AI and What Computers Can't Do, Dreyfus identified four philosophical assumptions that supported the faith of early AI researchers that human intelligence depended on the manipulation of symbols Book cover of the 1979 paperback edition

Dreyfus'four assumptions of artificial intelligence research The biological assumption The brain processes information in discrete operations by way of some biological equivalent of on/off switches

 Dreyfus' four assumptions of artificial intelligence research  The biological assumption  The brain processes information in discrete operations by way of some biological equivalent of on/of switches

The psychological assumption 。 The mind can be viewed as a device operating on bits ofinformation according to formal rules

 The psychological assumption  The mind can be viewed as a device operating on bits of information according to formal rules

The epistemological assumption .All knowledge can be formalized The ontological assumption The world consists ofindependent facts that can be represented by independent symbols GMM

 The epistemological assumption  All knowledge can be formalized  The ontological assumption  The world consists of independent facts that can be represented by independent symbols

1986 Preface ix Acknowledgments xvii Prologue:"The Heart Has Its Reasons That Reason Hman itiition Does Not Know' 1 and Expertise in 1.Five Steps from Novice to Expert 16 the Eraofthe 2.Logic Machines and Their Limits 52 Computer 3.Artificial Intelligence:From High Hopes to Sober Reality 67 4.Expert Systems Versus Intuitive Expertise 101 5.Computers in the Classroom:Tools,Tutors,and Tutees 122 Managerial Art and Management Science 158 Mind over Conclusion:People That (Sic)Think 193 Epilogue:Rational Animals Are Obsolete 202 Notes 207 Machine Index 225 Hubert L Dreyfus Stuart E.Dreyfus S

 1986