《结构防灾技术》课程教学课件（讲稿）第二篇 结构减震技术 Structural Vibration Control Technology 第四章 结构被动调谐减震技术 Structural passive tuned vibration control

第四章结构被动调谐减震控制Chapter 4 Structural passive tunedvibration control结构被动调谐减震控制概述Introduction to passive tuned vibration control单质点结构被动调谐减震控制Passive tuned vibration control.of SDOF system多质点结构被动调谐减震控制Passive tuned vibration control of MDOF system结构被动调谐减震控制的工程应用Applications of passive tuned vibration control in civilengineering

第四章 结构被动调谐减震控制 Chapter 4 Structural passive tuned vibration control 结构被动调谐减震控制概述 Introduction to passive tuned vibration control 单质点结构被动调谐减震控制 Passive tuned vibration control of SDOF system 多质点结构被动调谐减震控制 Passive tuned vibration control of MDOF system 结构被动调谐减震控制的工程应用 Applications of passive tuned vibration control in civil engineering d

4.1结构被动调谐减震控制概述Introduction to passive tuned vibration control4. 1. 1 Principles of passive tuned vibration controlPrinciples结构被动调谐减震控制体系，由结构和附加在主结构上的子结构组成。附加的子结构具有质量、刚度和阻尼，因而可以调整子结构的自振频率，使其尽量接近主结构的基本频率或激振频率。这样，当主结构受激励而振动时，子结构就会产生一个与结构振动方向相反的惯性力作用在主结构上，使主结构的振动反应衰减并受到控制。由于这种减震控制不是通过提供外部能量，只是通过调整结构的频率特性来实现的，故称为“被动调谐减震控制”。也称“动力消震

4.1 结构被动调谐减震控制概述 Introduction to passive tuned vibration control 4.1.1 Principles of passive tuned vibration control  Principles 结构被动调谐减震控制体系，由结构和附加在主结构上的子结 构组成。附加的子结构具有质量、刚度和阻尼，因而可以调整子 结构的自振频率，使其尽量接近主结构的基本频率或激振频率。 这样，当主结构受激励而振动时，子结构就会产生一个与结构振 动方向相反的惯性力作用在主结构上，使主结构的振动反应衰减 并受到控制。由于这种减震控制不是通过提供外部能量，只是通 过调整结构的频率特性来实现的，故称为“被动调谐减震控制” 。 也称“动力消震”

Passivetuned vibration control system consists ofKT,Crmain structure and the substructure attached to it.MTTheadditionalsubstructurehasmass.stiffnessand damping, so it is possible to tune the naturalperiod of substructure by itself with thefundamental frequency of the main structure.Thus,when the main structure vibrates under excitation,thesubstructurewill produceaninertiaforceactingonthe main structure whose directionisopposite to the vibration ofthemain structure,which minimize the vibration response of the mainstructure.Since this kind of vibration control isachievedbytuningthestructuralfrequencyanddoes notneed anyexternal energysupplyforoperation, it is called passive tuned vibrationcontrol,alsoknownas“dynamicvibrationabsorption

Passive tuned vibration control system consists of main structure and the substructure attached to it. The additional substructure has mass, stiffness and damping, so it is possible to tune the natural period of substructure by itself with the fundamental frequency of the main structure. Thus, when the main structure vibrates under excitation, the substructure will produce an inertia force acting on the main structure whose direction is opposite to the vibration of the main structure, which minimize the vibration response of the main structure. Since this kind of vibration control is achieved by tuning the structural frequency and does not need any external energy supply for operation, it is called passive tuned vibration control , also known as “dynamic vibration absorption

Types of passive tuned damper调谐质量阻尼器（TunedMassDamper简TMD）：支承式调谐质量阻尼器Translational TMD悬吊式调谐质量阻尼器Suspending TMD悬吊式调谐摆动阻尼器PendulumTunedMassDamper(a)(h)(c)

Types of passive tuned damper 调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper简TMD)： 支承式调谐质量阻尼器 Translational TMD 悬吊式调谐质量阻尼器 Suspending TMD 悬吊式调谐摆动阻尼器Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper

Typesof passivetunedcontrolO调谐液体阻尼器（TunedLiquidDamper，简TLD）调谐液体储液池式阻尼器sloshingdamper谐液体U形柱式阻尼器tunedliquidcolumndamperFirst is the sloshing damper as shownin Fig. (a). Vibration period is adjustedTLDby the size of the container or depth ofthe liquid. Damping capacity isincreasedbyplacingmeshesorrodsin the liquid.The secondisthetuned liguid columndamper as shown in Fig, (b). Vibrationperiod is adjusted by shapes of columnor air pressure in the column. Dampingcapacityis increased by adjusting the(b)(a)orifice in the column which generateshigh turbulence

 Types of passive tuned control  调谐液体阻尼器（Tuned Liquid Damper, 简TLD）: 调谐液体储液池式阻尼器 sloshing damper 谐液体Ｕ形柱式阻尼器 tuned liquid column damper First is the sloshing damper as shown in Fig. (a). Vibration period is adjusted by the size of the container or depth of the liquid. Damping capacity is increased by placing meshes or rods in the liquid. The second is the tuned liquid column damper as shown in Fig, (b). Vibration period is adjusted by shapes of column or air pressure in the column. Damping capacity is increased by adjusting the orifice in the column which generates high turbulence

4.1.2结构被动调谐减震控制的优越性和应用范围Advantagesandapplications of structural passive tuned vibration controlAdvantages（1）有效衰减结构的振动反应；Effectivelyreducethevibrationresponseofstructure（3）使用范围广；节省结构造价thewiderangeofapplication，cost-savingofthestructure（3）为某些重大结构的减震提供难以代替的途径；providingsomeimportantstructureswithirreplaceablewaysofvibrationabsorption（4）不仅适用于新建结构的减震控制，也特别适用于已有结构的减震改良：Not only suitable to the vibration control of the new structures but also theimprovementoftheexistedstructures（5）可充分利用已有结构的部件或设备作为子结构，不必专设；Makingthefull use of the existing structure members or devices as substructure（6）一次性装设，永久使用，无须维修调换，比较符合工程应用的实际情况。Once installed, they can be used permanently without repair orreplacement

4.1.２结构被动调谐减震控制的优越性和应用范围 Advantages and applications of structural passive tuned vibration control  Advantages （1）有效衰减结构的振动反应；Effectively reduce the vibration response of structure （3）使用范围广；节省结构造价 the wide range of application, cost-saving of the structure （3）为某些重大结构的减震提供难以代替的途径； providing some important structures with irreplaceable ways of vibration absorption （4）不仅适用于新建结构的减震控制，也特别适用于已有结构的减震改良； Not only suitable to the vibration control of the new structures but also the improvement of the existed structures （5）可充分利用已有结构的部件或设备作为子结构，不必专设；Making the full use of the existing structure members or devices as substructure （6）一次性装设，永久使用，无须维修调换，比较符合工程应用的实际情况。 Once installed, they can be used permanently without repair or replacement

4.1.2结构被动调谐减震控制的优越性和应用范围Advantagesand应用范围：applications（1）多层、高层、超高层建筑；multi-storey, high-rise, and super high-rise buildings;（2）高算塔架、烟图结构等；high-risetowers, chimneys and otherstructures;（3）大跨度桥梁；large-span bridges;（4）海洋平台或其他特种结构；offshoreplatform orotherspecial structures;（5）已有建筑物的“加层减震”。Adding vibration absorption layers on the existed buildings

4.1.２结构被动调谐减震控制的优越性和应用范围 Advantages and  应用范围：applications （１）多层、高层、超高层建筑； multi-storey, high-rise, and super high-rise buildings; （２）高耸塔架、烟囱结构等； high-rise towers, chimneys and other structures; （３）大跨度桥梁； large-span bridges; （４）海洋平台或其他特种结构； offshore platform or other special structures; （５）已有建筑物的“加层减震”。 Adding vibration absorption layers on the existed buildings

大楼受风吹袭时会微幅摆动，会使大楼里的人有晕眩之感，阻尼器可以减小微幅摆动，提高人的舒适感。该阻尼器由41层12.5cm厚的实心钢板堆叠焊接而成，重达730吨。The building vibrate slightly under windexcitationforlongduration,whichmakespeopleinside dizzy. To increase comfort of workingpeople and function of installed machineries andequipments, the dampers are needed.The TMDwasmadeof41layersof12.5cmsteelplatesRendering of Taipei 101 Buildingwelded together,over730ton weight.TMD台北101大楼风阻尼器Winddampers of Taipei101Building

台北101大楼风阻尼器 Wind dampers of Taipei 101 Building 大楼受风吹袭时会微 幅摆动，会使大楼里 的人有晕眩之感，阻 尼器可以减小微幅摆 动，提高人的舒适感。 该阻尼器由41层 12.5cm厚的实心钢板 堆叠焊接而成，重达 730吨。 The building vibrate slightly under wind excitation for long duration, which makes people inside dizzy. To increase comfort of working people and function of installed machineries and equipments, the dampers are needed. The TMD was made of 41 layers of 12.5cm steel plates welded together, over 730 ton weight

上海环球金融中心风阻尼器Wind Damperin Shanghai World Financial Center

上海环球金融中心风阻尼器 Wind Damper in Shanghai World Financial Center

4.2单质点结构被动调谐减震控制Vibration control of SDOF system with TMD(TLD)对于多质点体系的剪切形结构在地震或风作用下其第一振型的振动反应占结构总反应约80%以上。因而，对于某些多质点结构体系而言，在工程上有时可以近似简化为具有基本振型的等效单质点体系进行分析。For a shear MDOF structural system under earthquakeor wind action, the vibration response of the first modeaccount for more than about 8o% of the total responseof structure. Thus in engineering practice, some MDOFstructural system can be approximately simplified as anSDOF system with the same fundamental mode

4.2 单质点结构被动调谐减震控制 Vibration control of SDOF system with TMD(TLD) 对于多质点体系的剪切形结构在地震或风作用下， 其第一振型的振动反应占结构总反应约80%以上。因而， 对于某些多质点结构体系而言，在工程上有时可以近似 简化为具有基本振型的等效单质点体系进行分析。 For a shear MDOF structural system under earthquake or wind action, the vibration response of the first mode account for more than about 80% of the total response of structure. Thus in engineering practice, some MDOF structural system can be approximately simplified as an SDOF system with the same fundamental mode