《结构防灾技术》课程教学课件（讲稿）第二篇 结构减震技术 Structural Vibration Control Technology 第二章 隔振结构设计 Design of isolation Structures

第二篇结构减震技术Part 2 Structural Vibration Control Technology第2章「隔震结构设计Chapter2Designof isolationStructures第3章消能减震结构设计Chapter 3 Design of Energy-Dissipation Structures第4章结构被动控制技术Chapter4StructuralPassiveControl第5章结构主动、半主动控制技术Chapter 5 Structural Active and Semi Active Control

第二篇 结构减震技术 Part 2 Structural Vibration Control Technology  第2章 隔震结构设计 Chapter 2 Design of isolation Structures  第3章 消能减震结构设计 Chapter 3 Design of Energy-Dissipation Structures  第4章 结构被动控制技术 Chapter 4 Structural Passive Control  第5章 结构主动、半主动控制技术 Chapter 5 Structural Active and Semi Active Control

引论 Introduction结构减震控制的概念 The concept of Structuralvibration control1.常规抗震抗风设计方法存在的问题Problemsinconventionadesign methods for seismic structure and wind resistant structure直接用承重结构抵御地震和风的作用Resist the earthquake and wind action directly by load-bearingstructures用增加结构刚度的方法来满足抗风抗震要求，不经济Meet the requirement of earthquake and wind resistance byincreasing structural stiffness, which is wasteful

 结构减震控制的概念 The concept of Structural vibration control  1. 常规抗震抗风设计方法存在的问题 Problems in conventional design methods for seismic structure and wind resistant structure 直接用承重结构抵御地震和风的作用 Resist the earthquake and wind action directly by load￾bearing structures 用增加结构刚度的方法来满足抗风抗震要求，不经济 Meet the requirement of earthquake and wind resistance by increasing structural stiffness, which is wasteful 引 论 Introduction

引 论 Introduction减震控制2.结构振动控制方法的引入一一structural vibration control method对结构安装抗震装置，由抗震装置与结构共同承受地震作用，即共同储存和耗散地震能量，以减轻结构的地震反应。In order to reduce earthquake response, a seismicdevice is installed and resistant earthquaketogether with the structures by storing anddissipating earthquake energy[M](+[Cl()+[Kl(x)= F(t)-[MI[I]x

 2. 结构振动控制方法的引入——减震控制 structural vibration control method 对结构安装抗震装置，由抗震装置与结构共同承受 地震作用，即共同储存和耗散地震能量，以减轻结 构的地震反应。 In order to reduce earthquake response, a seismic device is installed and resistant earthquake together with the structures by storing and dissipating earthquake energy 引 论 Introduction M x C x K x F t M I x            ( )    g

3结构减震控制的分类Typesofvibrationcontrol被动控制不需要外部能源输入Passivevibrationcontrol without energy input○基础隔震：以改变结构频率为主的减震技术O Base isolation: changes the natural frequency ofstructure○耗能减震：以增加结构阻尼为主的减震技术OPassive energy dissipation: increase structuraldamping○被动质量调谐控制O Tuned mass damper

3 结构减震控制的分类 Types of vibration control  被动控制——不需要外部能源输入 Passive vibration control without energy input 基础隔震：以改变结构频率为主的减震技术 Base isolation: changes the natural frequency of structure 耗能减震：以增加结构阻尼为主的减震技术 Passive energy dissipation: increase structural damping 被动质量调谐控制 Tuned mass damper

3结构减震控制的分类Typesofvibrationcontrol主动控制需要外部能源输入提供控制力，控制力依赖于结构反应和外界干扰信号activevibration controlthatrequire control force provided by energy input, whichrelies on structural response and disturbance signalO控制系统由传感器、运算器和作动器组成thecontrolsystem consists of sensor, calculator and actuator○缺点：造价昂贵，所需巨大能源在地震时无法保证disadvantage: high-cost and the immense powerrequired cannot be guaranteed during earthquake

3 结构减震控制的分类 Types of vibration control  主动控制——需要外部能源输入提供控制力，控制力依赖 于结构反应和外界干扰信号 active vibration control that require control force provided by energy input, which relies on structural response and disturbance signal 控制系统由传感器、运算器和作动器组成 the control system consists of sensor, calculator and actuator 缺点：造价昂贵，所需巨大能源在地震时无法保证 disadvantage: high-cost and the immense power required cannot be guaranteed during earthquake

半主动控制采用可调参数的被动控制装置semi-activecontrol using passive control with adjustable parameters○不需要很大外部能源输入，依赖于结构反应和外界干扰信息，采用最优控制策略调整参数Olt relies on structural response and disturbancesignal rather than large energy input and adoptsoptimal control strategy to adjust parameters○以被动控制为主，即具有被动控制的可靠性，又具有主动控制的适应性，是一种具有前景的控制技术 Mainly passive control, It is a promisingcontrol system which integrates the reliability ofpassive control and adaptability of active control

半主动控制——采用可调参数的被动控制装置 semi-active control using passive control with adjustable parameters 不需要很大外部能源输入，依赖于结构反应和外 界干扰信息，采用最优控制策略调整参数 It relies on structural response and disturbance signal rather than large energy input and adopts optimal control strategy to adjust parameters 以被动控制为主，即具有被动控制的可靠性，又 具有主动控制的适应性，是一种具有前景的控制 技术 Mainly passive control, It is a promising control system which integrates the reliability of passive control and adaptability of active control

智能控制采用智能控制算法和智能驱动或智能阻尼装置为标志的控制方式intelligent control ------control method which adoptsintelligent control algorithm, intelligent driver or intelligentdampingdevice.O智能控制算法intelligent controlalgorithmO智能材料和器件intelligentmaterial anddevice混合控制一不同控制方式相结合的控制方法Hybridcontrol----that combines differentcontrol methods

 智能控制——采用智能控制算法和智能驱动或智能阻尼装 置为标志的控制方式 intelligent control -control method which adopts intelligent control algorithm, intelligent driver or intelligent damping device. 智能控制算法 intelligent control algorithm 智能材料和器件 intelligent material and device  混合控制——不同控制方式相结合的控制方法 Hybrid control- that combines different control methods

基础隔震耗能减展被动控制吸振减震主动拉索主动控制主动支撑主动质量阻尼智能材料自控结构减震控制变刚度半主动，半主动控制变阻尼半主动变刚度变阻尼半主动被动与主动混合混合控制被动与半主动混合半主动与主动混合

4.优越性(与传统抗震结构对比)advantages over conventional aseismicstructures安全可靠（减震结构与传统抗震结构地震反应比值) Safety and reliability (the ratio of theearthquake response of damping structuresto that of conventional aseismic structures)Isolation structures: 8%~25%Energy dissipation structures: 30%~60%TMD passive vibration control structures:30%~60%Active control structures: 10%~50%

 4. 优越性(与传统抗震结构对比) advantages over conventional aseismic structures  安全可靠（减震结构与传统抗震结构地震反应 比值）Safety and reliability (the ratio of the earthquake response of damping structures to that of conventional aseismic structures) Isolation structures: 8%~25% Energy dissipation structures: 30%~60% TMD passive vibration control structures: 30%~60% Active control structures: 10%~50%

4.优越性（与传统抗震结构对比）经济性好子（节省工程造价）economic efficiency (saving engineering cost)vibrationisolationstructures:3%~20%energy-dissipation structures:3%~10%passive or active control structures 5%~20%建筑设计灵活Flexibledesign适应范围广Widerangeofapplications检测修复方便Easytomaintenance

4.优越性（与传统抗震结构对比） 经济性好 （节省工程造价） economic efficiency (saving engineering cost) vibration isolation structures:3%~20% energy-dissipation structures: 3%~10% passive or active control structures 5%~20%  建筑设计灵活 Flexible design  适应范围广 Wide range of applications  检测修复方便 Easy to maintenance