《深度自然语言处理》课程教学课件（Natural language processing with deep learning）16 Natural Language Generation

西安交通大学Natural languageprocessingwith deeplearningXIANHAOTONGUNIVERSITYNatural Language Generation交通大学ChenLicli@xjtu.edu.cn2023

Chen Li cli@xjtu.edu.cn 2023 Natural Language Generation Natural language processing with deep learning

Outlines1. What is NLG?2. Formalizing NLG3.Decoding from NLG models1Training NLG models5.Evaluating NLG Systems6. Ethical Considerations

Outlines 1. What is NLG? 2. Formalizing NLG 3. Decoding from NLG models 4. Training NLG models 5. Evaluating NLG Systems 6. Ethical Considerations

NLGWhat is natural language generation?Natural language generation (NLG) is asub-field of natural language processingFocused on building systems thatautomatically produce coherent anduseful writtenorspokentextforhumanconsumptionNLG systems are already changing theworld we live in

NLG What is natural language generation? • Natural language generation (NLG) is a sub-field of natural language processing • Focused on building systems that automatically produce coherent and useful written or spoken text for human consumption • NLG systems are already changing the world we live in

NLGMachineTranslationEG文ax1FrenchEnglishXJ'aimange avecIatewithmylawyertodaymonavocataujourd'hui口D1

NLG Machine Translation

NLGDialogue Systems9.41AMWhatcanIhelpyou with?ama:

NLG Dialogue Systems

NLGSummarizationDocumentSummarizationE-mailSummarization1-5.0f5re-thinkingcom.cy-1minread,122.wordsoInboxxTL:DR: Anyone should be able to buya.cy domain regardless of location in a quick anefficiertwayEmintesd, 122,wordsSep 8, 2019; 11:53 AMArgyrouArgyriscatgyrou,aggmeil.comto.me *Hey.Cyprus country codeTLDregistraraitay operaled bytheUnversityorfCyprusis theONLYwaytoregisteracom.CydomaininCyprus.Wearetakingabout abureaucraticprocessIssildon'tgetitwhywecan'tfreelyregister.cynames,Rightnowyoucan'tbuy.cydomainsonlygamdyanda listof other ywtiatexetueelesa.cy domain extensioes.Releasing.cy will help the sales and promotion of our nationnl country code top levol donItwilbeanewdomain introfree.toregistor.Aeyoneshouidbeabletobuyacydomain tegardiessofjocation,in aquicandeffidentwaynicCyshouldprovidethihttp://mogren.one/lic/nttnss//cnroneestpre/cetal/emesummariation

NLG Summarization https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gmail-summarization/ Document Summarization E-mail Summarization http://mogren.one/lic/

NLGData-to-TextGenerationTable Title: Robert Craig (American football)Section Title: National Football League statisticsTable Description:NoneRUSHINGRECEIVINGATTYDSLNGTDNO.YDSLNGTDYEARTEAMAVGAVG1983SF176725718484272344.18.931984SF1556494.2284716759.564SF99273198521410504.96210161162577.71986SF2048304.181624480SF2153.82537.53519878156649211988SF3104.8469765347.02211502271SF3.9276494739.7441989105411990SF1414393.1261252018.0310172001991RAI1625903.61511368.04227.5221992MIN1054164.02116401993MIN381193.111198.9311116956617199181894.1715649118.773Totals-Target Text: Craig finished his eleven NFL seasons with 8,189 rushing yards and 566 receptions for 4,911 receiving yards.(Parikhetal.,EMNLP2020)The Atlanta Hawks defeated the Miami Heat,103 -95,at Philips Arena on WednesdayWINRBLOSSPTSFG_PCTAS...Atlanta was in desperate need of a win andTEAMthey were able to take care of a shorthandedHeat1712103494727Miami team hereDefense was key for1595433320Hawksthe Hawks , as they held the Heat to 42percent shooting and forced them to commit16 turnoversAtlanta also dominated in thePTASRBFGFGACITYpaint, winning the rebounding battle,47.-PLAYER-34,and outscoring them in the paint 58-26.The Hawks shot 49 percent from the5227Tyler Johnson816Miamifield and assisted on 27 of their 43 madeo4172311Dwight HowardAtlantabaskets.This was a near wire -to -wire2921812Paul MillsapAtlantawin for the Hawks,as Miami held just one2m421817Goran DragicMiamilead in the first five minutes., Miami (7-2719715Wayne EllingtonMiami15)are as beat-up as anyone right now417815Dennis SchroderAtlantaand it 's taking a toll on the heavily used55113.8Rodney McGruderMiamistarters .Hassan Whiteside really struggled5551011Thabo SefoloshaAtlantain this game, as he amassed eight points,35399KyleKorverAtlanta12 rebounds and one blocks on 4 - of -12shooting ...(WisemanandRush.,EMNLP2017)

NLG Data-to-Text Generation (Wiseman and Rush., EMNLP 2017) (Parikh et al., EMNLP 2020)

NLGVisualDescriptionhotdog stand on busy streetbowls are food in trianpulur shape are sitting on tableman in whitetshit isholding umbrellaand ice cream carttable filled with many plates of various breakfast foodstabletoppedwith lots ofdifferent typesofdonutsman in white shirt is pushing his cart down streetSTOPmaningraduationrobesridingbicycleonemanandtwowomensittingin livingroomCyclist giving thumbs upposes withhisbicycle by rightmanandwomanareplayingwil gamewhile womanofwaysignatparksits on couch withwineglass in her handman ridingmotorcycleon streetgroupofpeople.sitting on couchwith.theirlaptops(Karpathy&Li.,CVPR2015)

NLG (Karpathy & Li., CVPR 2015) Visual Description

NLGCreativeGenerationPoetryStories&NarrativesVocabularybigbird'sbirthday celebrationPeorstyieEncouraiget wortismommsStyleCurse wordsrepetitionalterationStoryord lengehcookiemonstereats?迪??Outlinerollerskatingrinksentimenttopicakwordismanosylablewordsconcrete wordsbig birthday cake-常PlotdynamicsloveGenerateRe-generate with same rhyme wordsP'= paragraphiPoemOutline-conditioned Story Generation合My lovely lady sweet and sweet temptation,It is Big Bird's birthday,and he goes to the rollerThe lucky woman on the wedding night,I reallyneedafriendof consoiationskating rink with his friends.Alonelypartof youand metonightBackat Sesame Street,Maria and Susan take out thebig(a) Poem generated with default style setingsPIbirthday cakeand leave iton atableVocabularyResetStylEncourgge wordmommaCookieMonstersees the cake,but insteadofeating itStylerepectioncurse wordsaliterationwordlengthandspoilingthepartyheeatsachairandotherthingsall?P物福overSesameStreetsentimenttopical wordsmonosyilabie wordsconcreteBigBirdandtheotherskatersreturntoSesameStreetbandareshockedatwhatCookieMonsterate.thoughtheloveGenerateRe-generate with same rhyme wordscake is safeP2/PoemGinaand Count Von Count presentsthe caketo Big Bird食面青吉Thanks toryourteedbackIthas548candleseventhoughBigBird is6yearsoldMymemy littleloveandsweettemotation,Attheend,whenGinaannouncesthesponsors,CookieThe lucky lady on a wedding nightShesingsthesweetestsongofconsolationMonstereatsthemalongwithhiscake.Alovelydreamofyouandme.tonight(b) Poem generated with user adjusted style settings(Ghazvininejadetal..AcL2017)(Rashkinetal.,EMNLP2020)

NLG Creative Generation (Ghazvininejad et al., ACL 2017) (Rashkin et al., EMNLP 2020) Stories & Narratives Poetry

NLGWhat isnatural languagegeneration?Anytaskinvolvingtextproductionforhumanconsumption requires natural language generationDeep Learning is powering next-gen NLG systems!

NLG What is natural language generation? Any task involving text production for human consumption requires natural language generation Deep Learning is powering next-gen NLG systems!