《农业机械学》课程参考文献：《农业机械专业英语文选》书籍PDF电子版（农机部分）

农机专业英语文选（农机部分）陶立三黎斌初主编甘肃农业大学图书馆戴书商务印书馆1981年·北京

前言本书是为具有一定基础英语知识的农机专业的学生以从事农机工作的工程技术人员进一步提高阅读本专业的英书刊的能力而编写的。全书分拖拉机和农业机器两册，名独立，起点相同。书中文章选自原文，个别地方稍有翻改，专业内容浅近懂，全书除农业机器部分最后一课为综合阅读材料外，各调附有单词和注释，部分课文附有插图；最后还有参考译文和词汇表，以便读者查考。本书由北京农机学院外语教研室陶立三，黎斌初主编懋新、孟宪珍、杨茂宗、白崇恩、左润之、闻丽筠等参加编写燃机教研室顾城和运用教研室张圣虎作专业校订。在编写程中，我们得到了本院及其他兄弟院校不少同志的支持科助，特此表示感谢。1由于编者水平有限，书中肯定存在不少缺点错误，热烈迎读者提出宝贵的批评意见，以便进一步改进。编者1979年4月8日

CONTENTS1,MouldboardPloughs2.Disc Ploughs3. Toothed Harrows4. Grain Drills..5.Paddy Transplanters6.Cultivators7. Fertilizer Distributors.8. Farmyard Manurs Spreadars..9. Field Crop Sprayers..10.Pumps1l.Equipment for Sprinkler Irrigation.12,Grain Combines...13. Grain Driers..14.Mowing Machinss15.Milking Machines16.Mechanical PigFeeding Equipmant17. Poultry Feeders.18.Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery19.Probable Development of AgriculturalMechanization

参考译文-110V1.锌式翠.-111V2.圆盘型.1123.钉齿粑..113V4.谷物条播机-114。水稻插秧机...1166.中耕机-1177.化肥撒布机.-1188.既肥撒布机.1209.大田作物喷雾器-12110.泵-12311.喷灌设备+.12442.谷物联合收获机..126M3.谷物烘干机--127M4。割草机..12815.挤奶机.-13016.机械化喂猪设备...13117.家禽饲喂机械--13318.农业机器的保管和维修..-13419.农业机械化展望142总词汇表4

01.MOULDBOARDPLOUGHS23Two types of mouldboardplough are commonly u14on farms.16(a) Mounted. The plough is attached directly to173-point linkage of the tractor; but a wheel is18ten fitted to control the working depth.Sometiawheel,operatedby linkage or byhydra20power, is attached to the rear of large ploughs21help to carry the weight when the plough is23in work@.124(b)Trailed.The plough is pulled by a drawbar126tached to the tractor.Wheels are always fitted127control the working depth and to carrytheplou128when it is not in work.130131TOPUNKCOULTERATTACHMENTPOIN133BEA134CROSS SHAFTSKIM COULTE142DISC COULTERLANDSIDESHAREOR POINTWINGMOULD BOARDFig. 1. Mouldboard PloughA typical plough is illustrated in Fig.1.Themcomponents are:

against the furrow wall taking the thrust produced by tlermouidboard as it turns thefurrowslice@.On someplougisthe landside is made in two parts, a fixed part attachedthe frog and a rolling part which looks ike a wheel. Tthelatter can turn as it presses against the furrow wall thgiscutting down wear. Due to the fact that it can move veadetically against spring pressure, as the plough is entering tingground at the headland, the plough attains a working deren-sooner than it would if fitted with a fixed landsideon-en-Words and Expressionsandmouidboard'mouldbord]n.翠塑件，元件；（组成）部分，成分~plough锌式型share[feo]n.翠华fur-horizonta![horiizontl]a.水平cotamonly[komanli]ad.通常，卧式的般licemounted['mauntid]a.悬挂（式)的furrow[farau]n.黎沟ving~slice煲片attach[o'tetvt.相连，接近frog[frog] n.犁托be~edto连接在..上3-point = three-point ['ori: point]pressing['presin]n.冲压件cutlandsidelaendsaid]n.板α.三点的ugh-bolt[boult]n.螺栓v.用螺栓linkage[linkids]n。悬挂装置，杆件turn定[fit]（fitted；itting）vt.安装；配provision[pro'vison]n.预备设合装置depth[depe]n.深度andtit[iltf.使倾斜，使歪斜working~耕作深度etra-alter["o:lta]vt.改变operate[opareit]t.操作：开动pitch[pit门n.的垂直间膜；候hydraulic[hai'dro:lik]a.液力的，disc度液压的inclimation[inkli'neifon]n.~power液力fur-倾度rear[ria]n.后部ertically[vattikoli]ad.直场trailed['treild]a.牵引(式)的intodownwards['daunwodz]ad.向drawbar[dro:ba:]n.牵引杆，拉杆turn-compensate ['k:mpenseit] vt.typical['tipikal】a.典型的，标谁的from偿，弥补illustrate['ilastreit)vt.（用图或例～for补偿，抵偿子等）说明，阐明slight[slait]a.微小的，微量的component[kom'pounant]n.部resses

distortion[dis'to:Jon]n歪曲，变形adyisable[od'vaizobl]a.可敢的，适当的condition[kon'difan]】n。条件，状iis~to最好是·况，状态excessive[ik'sesiv]a.过多（大)的，rearwards["'riawodz]ad.向（在)后skim[skim]】n，削，刮削；小前翠过分的~coulter小前翠wear[wea]n.磨损completely[kam'pli:tli]ad.完全rough[raf]】a.表面不平的，粗籍的trash[tra]】n，（植物）叶子，残茎，bury["beri]vr.拖埋，爱盖残叶leave[lirv](left[leftvt.离开，留下poke[pouk】vi.冒出，伸出m日出suitable['sju:tabl]a，合适的：适当的press [pres] vi.压Weather["wea】n.天气vt.晒（使~against新压wall[wo:l]n.墙，壁经受日晒风箱）furrow~沟墙（壁）cultivation[ikalti'veifon]n.耕作thrust[erAst】n侧向压力；推力disc[disk]n.圆盘roll[roul]vi.滚动coulter["koulta]n翠刀latter["laeta]a.后面的disc～圆刀the~后著unploughed[an'plaud]a.未翠耕的due[dju:]to 由于tend[tend]vi.趋向倾向headland["hedlond]n.地头～（十inf）倾向于·，总是attain[o'tein]vt.达到；获得penetration[peni'treifon]n.人士穿选NotesSometimes a wheel, operated by linkage or by hydraulic power, is0attached to the rear of large ploughs to help to carry the weightwhentheploughisnotinwork旬中分调短语operatedbylinkageorbyhydraulicpower为非限制性定语（其前后用语号分开），修饰wheel；不定式tohelp为目的状语，修饰isattached：不定式短语tocarrytheweight为tohelp的宾语。全句可译为：有时在大型犁的后部配置一个由杆件或液压操纵的轮子，用以在型不工作时帮助支承犁重。the casting or pressing to which the share, mouldboard and land-②sideareattached：关系代调which引导的定语从句修饰castingorpressing，介词to为attached（表示“与.相连接”)所要求。可译为：连接犁锌、犁壁和翠侧板的铸件或冲压件。provision is made at this point to allow the frog to be tilted, thus③altering the pitch,the inclination vertically downwards, to compen-4

的，sate for slight distortion in the beam or for very hard conditions句中atthispoint指在犁托和翠梁的连接处；不定式短语toallowthfrogto be tilted作定语，修饰 provision；to be tilted 为不定式to ti）后的被动态，作宾语补足语；不定式短语tocompensatefor..conditior翠为目的状语，修饰tobetilted。可译为：在型托和翠架的连接处备有一装置，可使翠托倾斜，从而改变型垂直间隙，即犁锌垂直向下的斜度，以全补犁梁的微量变形或适应坚硬的土质条件。，④：stoptheploughenteringthesoilcorrectly：妨碍型的正确入土。其theploughenteringthe soil correctly为带遇辑主语（theplough）动名词短语，作stop的宾语。?it is advisable to raise the disc and to move it rearwards:前-it为形式主语，实际主语为不定式短语to raise the disc和to moverearwards，后一个it代表disc可译为：最好把圆犁刀升高并使其向移。taking the thrust produced bythe mouidboard as it turns the fu?row slice:以便承受犁壁翻堡时所产生的侧向推力。takingthethrust为分词短语，作目的状语，修饰动词presses；asitturns thefurrowslic为时间状语从句，修饰分词produced.Duetothefactthat..iffittedwithafixedlandside.本复合句主句为theploughattains...depthsooner；that引导同位语从句，一步说明thefact，as引导时间状语从句，修饰canmove；thanwould相当于thanitwouldattaina workingdepth，为比较状语句，iffitted...landside相当于if it（代表theplough）werefittewithafixedIandside，为虚拟条件句。全句可译为：这种犁在地头人,is时，由于滚动部分能克服弹簧压力垂直运动，所以较装有固定犁侧板的型eight更快地达到耕作深度。kage修饰fto后部iand-gor择为：thusnpen-

2.DISCPLOUGHSThe disc plough is a type of plough generally, usedwhere conditions are very hard and rough and.totally. unsuitable for use of the conventional mouldboard plough.Itis not a plough often used in countries with temperate andmoist climates except perhaps to carry out reclamation workor to plough land in which there is much stone and treeroot@.In tropical countries where the climate is hot andthe land bakes hard, the disc plough is more likely to bein favour.This plough is unlike the mouldboard plough in thatit does not have a share@, mouldboard, or coulter to cutand invert a furrow slice, but instead it has a heavy steelconcave disc of about 60--70 cm(2-2ft6 in.)diameterwhich carries out a similar but not by any means identicalfunction to the mouldboard and share. As a disc ploughis pulled along, the discs rotate cutting into the soil andthe so-called furrow slice is caused to rise up in the con-cavity of the disc, to be broken up as it does so, and thenthrown sideways@.Tidy, even, completely inverted furrowsare not normally produced, nor are trash and weeds buriedas with a conventional plough.Disc ploughs may be trailed or mounted as are themouldboard ploughs@. A trailed type may have up to sixdiscs and is thus a very heavy imaplement utilizing its weightto assist penetration when working in hard conditions@.6

A mounted type usually has up to five discs and is thusnecessarily lighter to enable it to be carried by a tractorHowever, to achieve penetration when working in hard con-ditions it may be necessary to add weight to the ploughDisc ploughswith more than six discs are usuallyknownusedas pollydisc ploughs and have discs of about 50 cm (20un-in. approx.), diameter. The discs may be plain or cutawayb. ItCut-away discs more effectively bite and cut into hard soilandconditions.workTOPLINKtreeATTACHMENTPOINTandDEPTH WHEEobeTRACTORLOWERBEALINKATTACHMENTPOINTthatFURROW.WIDTHADIUSTMENTcutsteelCONCAVEDISCmeterSPRINGnticalPENETRATIONloughADJUSTMENTandREAR THRUST WHEELcon-thenFig.2.MountedDiskPloughrrowsFigure 2 shows an illustration of a typical mounteeourieddisc plough.So that the plough can be made to work satisfactorily in various conditions a number of adjustmentetheare usually provided on it. The mounted plough is attachosixed to the tractor on the three point linkag and adjustmerweightto the top link and/or the right-hand lifting rod serveons?.to level the plough@. Depth of work is set by alteratio