《管理学》课程PPT教学课件（Management）Stephen P.Robbins（9）第四章 全球环境中的管理 Managing in a Global Environment

management ninth edition STEPHEN P.ROBBINS MARY COULTER Chapter Managing in a Global 4 Environment 第四章 全球环境中的管理 PEARSON 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc. PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook All rights reserved. The University of WestAlabama

ninth edition STEPHEN P. ROBBINS PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook The University of West Alabama MARY COULTER © 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Managing in a Global Environment 全球环境中的管理 Chapter 4 第 四 章

LEARNING OUTLINE要点概览 Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. 当你阅读和学习本章时根据这些要点概览来学 What Your Global Perspective?你持有怎样的全球观？ ·Define parochialism.定义狭隘主义 Contrast ethnocentric,polycentric,and geocentric attitudes towards global business. ·比较对待全球经营的三种态度：民族中心论、多国中心论和全球中心论 Explain why it's important for managers to be sensitive to global differences.解释为何对管理者来说保持对全球差异的敏感度是重要的 Understanding the Global Environmenti理解全球环境 ·Describe the current status of the European Union.描述欧盟现状 Discuss the North American Free Trade Agreement and other regional trade alliances in Latin America. ·详述北美自由贸易协定和其他拉美的区域性贸易联盟 Tell about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. ·详述东南亚国家联盟 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 4-2

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–2 L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E要点概览 Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. 当你阅读和学习本章时根据这些要点概览来学 What Your Global Perspective?你持有怎样的全球观？ • Define parochialism.定义狭隘主义 • Contrast ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric attitudes towards global business. • 比较对待全球经营的三种态度:民族中心论、多国中心论和全球中心论 • Explain why it’s important for managers to be sensitive to global differences.解释为何对管理者来说保持对全球差异的敏感度是重要的 Understanding the Global Environment理解全球环境 • Describe the current status of the European Union.描述欧盟现状 • Discuss the North American Free Trade Agreement and other regional trade alliances in Latin America. • 详述北美自由贸易协定和其他拉美的区域性贸易联盟 • Tell about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. • 详述东南亚国家联盟

LEARNING OUTLINE(cont'd) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. 当你阅读和学习本章时根据这些要点概览来学 Understanding the Global Environment:理解全球环境 Explain the interdependence that globalization involves. 解释全球化涉及的相互依存的关系 Discuss the role of the WTO. ·详述世界贸易组织的职能 Doing Business Globally全球化经营 Contrast multinational,multidomestic,global,transnational,and born global organizations. ·比较跨国公司、多国公司、全球公司、无边界组织和初始全球化组织 Describe the different ways organizations can go international. ·描述组织走向全球化的不同方式 Define global sourcing,exporting,importing,licensing,and franchising. 定义全球外购、出口、进口、许可证经营和特许经营 Describe global strategic alliances,joint ventures,and foreign subsidiaries.描述全球战略联盟、合资企业和外国子公司 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–3 L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. 当你阅读和学习本章时根据这些要点概览来学 Understanding the Global Environment理解全球环境 • Explain the interdependence that globalization involves. 解释全球化涉及的相互依存的关系 • Discuss the role of the WTO. • 详述世界贸易组织的职能 Doing Business Globally全球化经营 • Contrast multinational, multidomestic, global, transnational, and born global organizations. • 比较跨国公司、多国公司、全球公司、无边界组织和初始全球化组织 • Describe the different ways organizations can go international. • 描述组织走向全球化的不同方式 • Define global sourcing, exporting, importing, licensing, and franchising. 定义全球外购、出口、进口、许可证经营和特许经营 • Describe global strategic alliances, joint ventures, and foreign subsidiaries.描述全球战略联盟、合资企业和外国子公司

LEARNING OUTLINE(cont'd) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.当你阅读 和学习本章时根据这些要点概览来学 Managing in a Global Environment(cont'd) 在全球环境中进行管理 Explain how the global legal-political and economic environments affect managers. ·解释全球法律一政治和经济环境如何影响管理者 Discuss Hofstede's five dimensions for assessing cultures.讨论霍夫斯泰德评价民族文化的四个维度 Explain the nine GLOBE dimensions for assessing cultures.解释评价民族文化的GLOBE的九个维度 Discuss the challenges of doing business globally in today's world.讨论当今世界中全球化经营的挑战 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 4-4

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–4 L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.当你阅读 和学习本章时根据这些要点概览来学 Managing in a Global Environment (cont’d) 在全球环境中进行管理 • Explain how the global legal-political and economic environments affect managers. • 解释全球法律—政治和经济环境如何影响管理者 • Discuss Hofstede’s five dimensions for assessing cultures.讨论霍夫斯泰德评价民族文化的四个维度 • Explain the nine GLOBE dimensions for assessing cultures.解释评价民族文化的GLOBE的九个维度 • Discuss the challenges of doing business globally in today’s world.讨论当今世界中全球化经营的挑战

The Global Marketplace:全球的市场 ·Opportunities and Challenges机遇与挑战 >Coping with the sudden appearance of new competitors.对待突然出现的新的竞争者 >Acknowledging cultural,political,and economic differences承认文化的、政治的和经济的不同 >Dealing with increased uncertainty,fear,and anxiety 处理增长的不确定性、恐慌和焦虑的情绪 >Adapting to changes in the global environment 适应全球环境的变化 >Avoiding parochialism 避免狭隘主义 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 4

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–5 The Global Marketplace全球的市场 • Opportunities and Challenges机遇与挑战 ➢Coping with the sudden appearance of new competitors对待突然出现的新的竞争者 ➢Acknowledging cultural, political, and economic differences承认文化的、政治的和经济的不同 ➢Dealing with increased uncertainty, fear, and anxiety 处理增长的不确定性、恐慌和焦虑的情绪 ➢Adapting to changes in the global environment 适应全球环境的变化 ➢Avoiding parochialism 避免狭隘主义

What's Your Global Perspective?你持有怎样的 全球观？ ·Parochialism狭隘主义 >Is viewing the world solely through its own eyes and perspectives.仅仅用自己的眼光和观点来看世界 Is not recognizing that others have different ways of living and working,具有狭隘偏见的人认识不到次们有 着不同的生活和工作方式 >Is a significant obstacle for managers working in a global business world.狭隘主义已成为许多在全球商业 环境中工作的管理者的一天障碍 Is falling into the trap of ignoring others'values and customs and rigidly applying an attitude of "ours is better than theirs'”to foreign cultures.他们正跌入忽视 外国文化习俗的陷阱，固执地认为“本国文化就是优 于外国文化。 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 4-6

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–6 What’s Your Global Perspective?你持有怎样的 全球观？ • Parochialism狭隘主义 ➢Is viewing the world solely through its own eyes and perspectives.仅仅用自己的眼光和观点来看世界 ➢Is not recognizing that others have different ways of living and working.具有狭隘偏见的人认识不到人们有 着不同的生活和工作方式 ➢Is a significant obstacle for managers working in a global business world.狭隘主义已成为许多在全球商业 环境中工作的管理者的一大障碍 ➢Is falling into the trap of ignoring others’ values and customs and rigidly applying an attitude of “ours is better than theirs” to foreign cultures.他们正跌入忽视 外国文化习俗的陷阱，固执地认为“本国文化就是优 于外国文化

Exhibit 4-1 Key Information About Three Global Attitudes 图表4-1三种全球观念的主要内容 民族中心论 多国中心论 全球中心论 取向 母国取向 东道国取向 全球取向 优点 ·广泛的了解外国市场 •结构比较简单 •熟悉全球事务的动力 和工作环境 •控制比较严密 ·东道国政府更多的支 •当地目标和全球目标 的平衡 持 •鼓舞当地管理者的士气 •选用最优秀的人才和 最佳工作方式，而不 受国籍之限 缺陷 •管理比较无效 •重复性工作 •很难实现 •缺乏灵活性 •低效率 •管理者必须同时具备 ·社会和政治力量的 ·因过于关注当地传统 当地知识和全球知识 ·强烈反对 ·而难以维护全球目标 .5 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 43

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–7 Exhibit 4–1Key Information About Three Global Attitudes 图表4-1 三种全球观念的主要内容 取向 母国取向 东道国取向 全球取向 民族中心论 多国中心论 全球中心论 优点 •结构比较简单 •控制比较严密 缺陷 •管理比较无效 •缺乏灵活性 •社会和政治力量的 •强烈反对 •广泛的了解外国市场 和工作环境 •东道国政府更多的支 持 •鼓舞当地管理者的士气 •重复性工作 •低效率 •因过于关注当地传统 •而难以维护全球目标 •熟悉全球事务的动力 •当地目标和全球目标 的平衡 •选用最优秀的人才和 最佳工作方式，而不 受国籍之限 •很难实现 •管理者必须同时具备 当地知识和全球知识

Adopting a Global Perspective拥有一个全球化的视角 ·Ethnocentric Attitude民族中心论 >The parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. 是一种狭隘的观念，认为母国的工作方式和惯例是最好的 ·Polycentric Attitude多国中心论 The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business 认为东道国的管理人员知道经营业务的最佳工作方式和惯例 ·Geocentric Attitude全球中心论 >A world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe 这种全球取向观念的核心是在世界范围内选用最佳方式和最优秀的 人才 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 4-8

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–8 Adopting a Global Perspective拥有一个全球化的视角 • Ethnocentric Attitude民族中心论 ➢ The parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. 是一种狭隘的观念，认为母国的工作方式和惯例是最好的 • Polycentric Attitude多国中心论 ➢ The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business. 认为东道国的管理人员知道经营业务的最佳工作方式和惯例 • Geocentric Attitude全球中心论 ➢ A world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe. 这种全球取向观念的核心是在世界范围内选用最佳方式和最优秀的 人才

Regional Trading Agreements地域性贸易联盟 ·The European Union(EU)欧盟 >A unified economic and trade entity一个统一的经济贸易实体 Belgium,Denmark,France,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,the Netherlands,Portugal,Spain,the United Kingdom,Germany,Austria. Finland,and Swedenb比利时、丹麦、法国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、 卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、英国和德国、奥地利、芬兰和瑞典 >Economic and monetary union(Euro)经济和货币组织 ·North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)H北美自由贸易协定 >Eliminated barriers to free trade (tariffs,import licensing requirements,and customs user fees)消除自由贸易壁垒（关 税、进口许可证、海关服务费) United States,Canada,and Mexico美国、加拿大和墨西哥 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 4-9

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–9 Regional Trading Agreements地域性贸易联盟 • The European Union (EU)欧盟 ➢ A unified economic and trade entity 一个统一的经济贸易实体 ❖ Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Finland, and Sweden比利时、丹麦、法国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、 卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、英国和德国、奥地利、芬兰和瑞典 ➢ Economic and monetary union (Euro)经济和货币组织 • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定 ➢ Eliminated barriers to free trade (tariffs, import licensing requirements, and customs user fees)消除自由贸易壁垒（关 税、进口许可证、海关服务费） ❖ United States, Canada, and Mexico美国、加拿大和墨西哥

Exhibit 4-3 European Union Countries 图表4-3欧盟各国 Norway Finland Sweden North Estonia United Sea Latvia Ireland Kingdom Denmark Lithuania 入 Russia A tl a n t i c O c e a n Netherlands Belarus English Channel之 Poland European Union Belgium Germany Countries Ukraine Luxembourg Czech Rep. Applied for Slovakia Membership France Biscay Switzerland Austria Hungary Moldova Slovenia Croatia Romania Portugal Bosnia Andorra Herzegovina Serbia Black S Spain Italy Montenegro Bulgaria atic Sea Macedonia Albania M e d i t e r r a Sea Turkey 2007 Prentice Hall,Inc.All rights reserved. 4-10

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 4–10 Exhibit 4–3 European Union Countries 图表4-3 欧盟各国