美术学专业：《解剖学》课程书籍文献（课外）Vilppu绘画圣经——动物的绘制

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS 1 Thisextracurve gives the humar rib cage the back. atlook acros pushing the scapulas re to the back.You will notice that the others with out this curve brings the scapulas more to the side or to the front. Illustration No.2 shows how this shifting of the s ula to the sides looks compare to a hu man Section D-】.3

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS 1 The important elements of the pelvis that we want to look at are topedgesoffour legged animals. Here we have a basic difference in what we look for in man to other four legged mammals. man the significant line is the ridge of the relatively longer pel- vic crest (iliac crest).In our examples the horse and dog the is in the added importance of the tuber ischiadicum.These are the Section D-1.4

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS 1 The symmetry created across the pelvis,the top of the scapulas and the shoulders are main ele- ments weus increatir the rib cage.Illustration No.3 gives you some examples of how they are used. Section D-1.5

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS ，1 Tobe This is the same approach that legs you need to have an need to kno I have discussed in my Figure understanding ofhow the legs Drawing lessons.Do not are constructed.Below I have so fare is to show you some of worry about the number of given you a simple construc- the basic elements that you lines,keep focused on the tion of the front legs of a horse need to look for in drawing flow.Drawing an approxima- anddogwitabasicindicatio almost any four legged animal eattached to an ofhow to draw them.In doing an action drawing all you are need a clear cut procedure. useful approach,then adding concerned with is the place- The most importantelement in the rib cage,shoulders and any living thing is its attitude or pelvis.The shoulders and gesture.Do not try to copy ing added m re as anatomical lines cormers of a box that define the much.Actually draw the way ends of the torso. the bones attach,allowing your STEPONE: pen or pencil to work from the Feel the flow in a free flowing STEPTWO: use of lines that give youa thelimbs drawing simplespheres for complete sense of the action. joints. Section D-1.6

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS 1 As we study each animal we will take a look at the basic underlyinganatomical struc- ture,comparing it to other animals and human anatomy. But first tospenda can injust getting a feeling for the flow of the forms.Remember that you leamn how to see and think with your pencil or pen.Again"no rules,just tools". Section D-1.7

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS 1 Section D-1.8

The VILPPU DRAWING DRAWING MANUAL ANIMALS Cats and Dogs Imentioned in lesson one of ofall three.In the Illustration No.I drawing animals is that you drawings(Illustration No.1),I must learn the basic structure ties and difference of the skulls of human,cat and dog One of the best ways I know skulls.Notice that all three of learning something is by have the same basic elements.The diffe rences are of size,(the area of the brain). one of learning the differences One of the best ways I between cultures and tastes know of learning some thing is by comparing I am starting our study of it to similar forms and seeing the differences First,most of use have a dog or the angle (the muzzle or cat around that we can study mouth sticks out more or less). outside of class and- In general once you start secondly,they have a lot of become obvious and of course time some clear differences. so do the differences which Along with comparing them to makes the drawing easier. each other I will start to show the comparisons between them and man as a means of reinforcing your understanding Section D-2.1

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS 2 In looking at the arms and that the dog and cat walk on elbow of the dog and cat are hands of man to In Dllustration there fingers.Look care- extend out.This No.2A and comparing it fully at these drawings and extension gives more leverage with those of the Cat 2B and compare the differences in size, and power to the attached Dog 2C,notice that the main length and weight of the muscles. In gthis is ar various bones.Notice how the important landmark. comes to the side and of course Illustration No.2A Illustration No.2B Illustration No.2C Human Cat Dog Section D-2.2

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS 2 Illustration 3A,B&C show way we walk in comparison to ground in our walk.Again the Leg of man compared with four leged animals.The dog the primary differences are in the hind leg of a cat ad and cat walk on there toes, the weight and length of the dog.Again notice that he ming down on there heels bones.In looking at the similarities are greater than the pn pelvis in profile notice how the differences.The primary while in man the heel is a cat and dogs pelvises are differences of course is the primary contact point with the stretched out in comparison to Illustration No.3A Illustration No.3B Illustration No.3C Human Cat Dog Section D-2.3

The Vilppu DRAWING MANUAL DRAWING ANIMALS2 Illustration No.4 gives you a acat skeleton.I do not think it edge of the anatomical comparison of the human is necessary to know all of the ure will make your skeleton on all fours in names and muscles of drawing more convin ing and comparison to a dog.Illustra- an animal to draw it,but a give you more confidence in tion No s on thenert page isa strong general working knowl- your drawing. more detailed drawingo Illustration No.4 Section D-2.4