《世界近代史》课程PPT教学课件（双语版）第六章 法国大革命和拿破仑帝国的兴亡 The Great French Revolution and Rise and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire

课件六: The great french revolution and rise and Fall of Napoleon's Empire 法国大革命和拿破仑帝国的兴亡(6-1-1) ■一、革命前法国的经济、政治状况 ■二、启蒙运动 、革命形势的成熟和三级会议的召开 四、革命的开始和君主立宪派的统治 五、吉伦特派的统治 六、雅各宾派的专政 ■七、督政府的统治及雾月政变 八、拿破仑帝国的建立及对内政策 ■九、拿破仑的对外战争和拿破仑帝国的覆亡

课件六： The Great French Revolution and Rise and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire 法国大革命和拿破仑帝国的兴亡 (6-1-1） ◼ 一、革命前法国的经济、政治状况 ◼ 二、启蒙运动 ◼ 三、革命形势的成熟和三级会议的召开 ◼ 四、革命的开始和君主立宪派的统治 ◼ 五、吉伦特派的统治 ◼ 六、雅各宾派的专政 ◼ 七、督政府的统治及雾月政变 ◼ 八、拿破仑帝国的建立及对内政策 ◼ 九、拿破仑的对外战争和拿破仑帝国的覆亡

Louis XIv,“ the great”(1638-1715)(612) 路易十四 ■ Louis XIv,“the Great(1638-1715), King of france(1643-1715) After 1661. he established personal rule. He said "I am the state. 2 In a series of wars france increase her territory, but was left financially exhausted. His court was the most magnificent in Europe

Louis XIV, “the Great” (1638-1715) (6-1-2） 路 易 十 四 ◼ Louis XIV, “the Great”(1638-1715), King of France (1643-1715). After 1661, he established personal rule. He said “I am the State.” In a series of wars France increase her territory, but was left financially exhausted. His court was the most magnificent in Europe

The palace of Versailles 凡尔赛宫(6-1-3) Versailles, 19 km southwest of Paris. The palace of Versailles, long the model of royal and princely magnificence throughout Europe,was built(1661-86) H for Louis xiv as residence, court, and seat of government in French classical style

The palace of Versailles 凡尔赛宫(6-1-3） Versailles, 19 km. southwest of Paris.The palace of Versailles, long the model of royal and princely magnificence throughout Europe , was built (1661-86) for Louis XIV, as residence, court, and seat of government in French classical style

Louis XV(1710-74) 路易十五(6-1-4) HISTOIRE GEOGRAPHIE SUR LE WEB king of france(1715-74) The financial strain of wars and the excesses of court alienated growing numbers of intellectuals his best-known 715-723 remark was “ After me,the Deluge

Louis XV（1710-74） 路易十五（6-1-4） ◼ king of France(1715-74). The financial strain of wars and the excesses of court alienated growing numbers of intellectuals.His best-known remark was “ After me, the Deluge

Louis XVI(1754-93) 路易十六(6-1-5) Louis XVI He“ was a shy,well meaning man, who liked to hunt better than to occupy himself with affaires of State. " French intervention in the American War caused virtual ban kruptcy and led to the summoning of the Estates General(1789) for the first time since 1614. He was deposed John Hardman (1792), found guilty of treason, and g guillotined

Louis XVI(1754-93) 路易十六（6-1-5） He “was a shy, well￾meaning man, who liked to hunt better than to occupy himself with affaires of State.” French intervention in the American War caused virtual bankruptcy and led to the summoning of the Estates General (1789) for the first time since 1614. He was deposed (1792), found guilty of treason, and guillotined

The Enlightenment 启蒙运动·(6-2-1) An intellectual movement of 18th c It was represented Europe which in Germany esp by questioned traditional Lessing, in England beliefs and prejudices, y Locke, Hume and esp in religion, and Newton In france emphasized the primacy by voltaire, Diderot, of reason and strict d'albert and the scientific method Encyclopedists

The Enlightenment 启蒙运动·（6-2-1） An intellectual movement of 18th c. Europe which questioned traditional beliefs and prejudices, esp. in religion, and emphasized the primacy of reason and strict scientific method. ◼ It was represented in Germany esp. by Lessing, in England by Locke, Hume and Newton, In France by Voltaire, Diderot, d’Albert and the Encyclopedists

Montesquieu(1689-1755)孟德斯鸠 (6-2-1) French writer. His "Persian Letters"(1721) satirized contemporary social and political institutions in France and brought him immediate fame. His greatest work The Spirit of the Law 2 (1748), dealing with the nature of the state and science of law, had much influence on later political thin king

Montesquieu (1689-1755) 孟德斯鸠 （6-2-1 ） ◼ French writer. His “Persian Letters”(1721) satirized contemporary social and political institutions in France and brought him immediate fame. His greatest work “The Spirit of the Law ’ (1748), dealing with the nature of the state and science of law, had much influence on later political thinking

Voltaire(1694-1778)伏尔泰(6-2-2) French man of letters historian and philosopher. His prose tales were vehicles for social and political satire. His philosophical work influenced European thought for generations. He was the foremost propagandist for the leading ideas of the 18th C. It has been said that he fostered not a revolutionary proletariat but an ungovernable middle class. He has been accepted as one of the world's great men partly because of force of his personality

Voltaire(1694-1778) 伏尔泰（6-2-2） ◼ French man of letters, historian and philosopher. His prose tales were vehicles for social and political satire. His philosophical work influenced European thought for generations. He was the foremost propagandist for the leading ideas of the 18th c. It has been said that he fostered not a revolutionary proletariat but an ungovernable middle class. He has been accepted as one of the world’s great men partly because of force of his personality

Diderot(17384)狄德罗 (6-2-3) French writer. His direction of the Encyclopedia? was among his greatest achievements. With his powerful intelligence, wide interests and verve, he incarnated (体现) the spirit of the18th c: with his lively imagination and keen sensibility he was a precursor(先驱)of Romantics

Diderot (1713-84) 狄德罗 （6-2-3） ◼ French writer. His direction of the ‘Encyclopedia’ was among his greatest achievements. With his powerful intelligence ,wide interests and verve, he incarnated (体现）the spirit of the 18th c. ; with his lively imagination and keen sensibility he was a precursor(先驱） of Romanticism

Rousseau(1712-78)卢梭(6-2-4) A man of volatile(易变的) emotions but keen mind. he rebelled many dominant values of his time and quarrelled withwith a striking number of contemporaries, e.g. Voltaire, Diderot and hume In the Social contract’he developed a theory of the state based on a contract by which free individuals freely entrust a part of their freedom to the body politic. His political ideas played an important part in the development of modern democracy

Rousseau（1712-78）卢梭（6-2-4） ◼ A man of volatile (易变的） emotions but keen mind, he rebelled many dominant values of his time and quarrelled with with a striking number of contemporaries, e.g. Voltaire, Diderot and Hume. In the ‘Social Contract’ he developed a theory of the state based on a contract by which free individuals freely entrust a part of their freedom to the body politic. His political ideas played an important part in the development of modern democracy