《零售业概述》（英文版） Chapter 4 Retail classification

Retail nstitutions Chapter 4

Chapter 4

Obiectives To Show Retail Classifications To Study Retail Ownership Type To Explore Influences in the Channel of Distribution

• To Show Retail Classifications • To Study Retail Ownership Type • To Explore Influences in the Channel of Distribution

Retail classification Ownershi Retail Strategy Mix Services Goods retail Strategy Mix Nonstore-Based Retail strategy M d Nontraditional Retailing g

II. Store-Based Retail Strategy Mix III. Service vs. Goods Retail Strategy Mix IV. Nonstore-Based Retail Strategy Mix and Nontraditional Retailing I. Ownership

Retail classification Independent Chain Franchise Ownership Lease Department Vertical Marketing System Consumer Cooperative

I. Ownership • Independent • Chain • Franchise • Lease Department • Vertical Marketing System • Consumer Cooperative

Independent Advantages Flexibility Investment Costs down Specialists Strong Control Image Consistency ° ndependence Entrepreneurial Drive

• Flexibility • Investment Costs Down • Specialists • Strong Control • Image • Consistency • Independence • Entrepreneurial Drive

Lack of power No Economies of scale Labor Intensive Limited Access to Advertising Over-dependence on Owner Limited Resources for Long-run Planning

• Lack of Power • No Economies of Scale • Labor Intensive • Limited Access to Advertising • Over-dependence on Owner • Limited Resources for Long-run Planning

Chain Advantages ° Bargaining Power Cost Efficiencies Operating Efficiencies Technical abilities Advertising Availability Defined Management Philosophies

• Bargaining Power • Cost Efficiencies • Operating Efficiencies • Technical Abilities • Advertising Availability • Defined Management Philosophies

Chain Disadvantages Time and Resources spent on Long-run Planning ° Limited Flexibility Investments High Managerial Control Difficult Limited Independence for Personnel

• Time and Resources Spent on Long-run Planning • Limited Flexibility • Investments High • Managerial Control Difficult • Limited Independence for Personnel

Franchising Types Product/Trademark Business format

• Product/Trademark • Business Format

Franchising Arrangement Manufacturer-Retailer Voluntary Wholesaler-Retailer Cooperative Service Sponsor-Retailer

Manufacturer-Retailer Service Sponsor-Retailer Wholesaler-Retailer Cooperative Voluntary