浙江大学：中枢神经系统 Central Nervous System（基底节 The Basal Ganglia）

Central Nervous System The Basal Ganglia 兴 Zhejiang Unⅳ versity Ling Shucai Nucleus 201112.12 Dendrite

The Basal Ganglia Zhejiang University Ling Shucai 2011.12.12 Central Nervous System

Basal Ganglia What are the basal ganglia? Where are the basal ganglia Chemical Neuroanatomy of basal ganglia structures Connections Functions of the basal ganglia

Basal Ganglia • What are the basal ganglia? • Where are the basal ganglia? • Chemical Neuroanatomy of basal ganglia structures • Connections • Functions of the basal ganglia

What are the basal ganglia? The basal ganglia(or basal nuclei)are a group of nuclei of varied origin(mostly telencephalic embryonal origin, With some diencephalic and mesencephalic elements)in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit

What are the basal ganglia? The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei of varied origin (mostly telencephalic embryonal origin, with some diencephalic and mesencephalic elements) in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit

striatum Coronal slices of human brain showing the basal ganglia. White matter is shown in dark gray, gray matter is show in light gray Anterior: striatum, globus pallidus(GPe and GPi) Posterior: subthalamic nucleus(STN), substantia nigra(sN

Coronal slices of human brain showing the basal ganglia. White matter is shown in dark gray, gray matter is show in light gray. Anterior: striatum, globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) Posterior: subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN)

Nucleus accumbens (nAcc) Ventral Varenicline·3 tegmental area (VTA Dopamine

VTA and reward learning Ventral tegmental area (VTA). VTA efferents provide dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum) in the same way that the substantia nigra provides dopamine to the dorsal striatum because there is much evidence that it plays a central role in reward learning, the VTA-Na dopaminergic projection has attracted a great deal Of attention

VTA and reward learning • Ventral tegmental area (VTA). VTA efferents provide dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum) in the same way that the substantia nigra provides dopamine to the dorsal striatum. Because there is much evidence that it plays a central role in reward learning, the VTA→NA dopaminergic projection has attracted a great deal of attention

cle VTa( ventral tegmental area) Superior colliculi Cerebral nmeduet Nucleus efoetioetorneroe Medial longitudina wuc)) Redw e II N

VTA （ventral tegmental area）

What are the basal ganglia? Anatomical subdivisions: Non-cortical nuclei in the forebrain Dorsal striatum: Caudate nucleus, Putamen Ventral Striatum: Nucleus accumbens b, Olfactory tubercle Globus Pallidus: Internal and external segment ventral pallidum Subtha| amic nucleus丘脑底核 Amygdala杏仁核 Septal nuclei隔核 Substantia nigra: Pars com pacta, Pars reticulata Pedunculopontine nucleus脚桥核

What are the basal ganglia? – Anatomical subdivisions : Non-cortical nuclei in the forebrain Dorsal Striatum: Caudate nucleus, Putamen Ventral Striatum: Nucleus accumbens 伏核, Olfactory tubercle Globus Pallidus: Internal and external segment, Ventral pallidum Subthalamic nucleus 丘脑底核 Amygdala 杏仁核 Septal nuclei 隔核 Substantia nigra: Pars compacta, Pars reticulata Pedunculopontine nucleus 脚桥核

Where are the basal ganglia? They are situated at the base of the forebrain and are strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other brain areas CAUDATE NUCLEUS bod c199

Where are the basal ganglia? • They are situated at the base of the forebrain and are strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other brain areas

Head body tail of caudate Internal capsule, anterior and posterior limbs anterior and temporal horn of lateral ventricle Globus pallidus internal and external

• Head, body, tail of caudate • anterior and temporal horn of lateral ventricle • Globus pallidus internal and external • Internal capsule, anterior and posterior limbs