西北农林科技大学：《牧草栽培学》课程教学资源（双语课件）Chapter 5 Grasses（2/2）others

Festuca L.羊茅属牧草 也称狐茅属，全球约百余种，广 布于寒温带；我国23种，大多数可 以饲用。主要栽培品种有：苇状羊 茅、草地羊茅（宽叶型），紫羊茅 和羊茅（细叶型)，此外还有中华 羊茅，是甘肃省高寒山区和半农半 牧区人工草种的当家草种。 FORAGES Copyright reseved by Long Mingx College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Festuca L.羊茅属牧草 •  也称狐茅属，全球约百余种，广 布于寒温带；我国23种，大多数可 以饲用。主要栽培品种有：苇状羊 茅、草地羊茅（宽叶型），紫羊茅 和羊茅（细叶型），此外还有中华 羊茅，是甘肃省高寒山区和半农半 牧区人工草种的当家草种

Tall Fescue苇状羊茅 V2-211 别名苇状狐毛、高羊 茅、高牛尾草 Native to Europe,North Africa and parts of Asia. 在我国分布广、南北 均宜，是北方暖温带 地区的重要草种。 Perennial,upright,c oarse and tufted丛 生bunchgrass, ■RAGE Copyright reseved by Long Ming College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Tall Fescue苇状羊茅 V2­211 •  别名 苇状狐毛、高羊 茅、高牛尾草 • Native to Europe,North Africa  and parts of Asia. •  在我国分布广、南北 均宜，是北方暖温带 地区的重要草种． • Perennial ,upright,c  oarse and tufted 丛 生bunchgrass

Tall Fescue ● Most important grass species in transition zone ● Tolerates close and frequent grazing Drought and heat tolerant Easy to establish Tough sod FORAGES College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Tall Fescue • Most important grass species in transition  zone • Tolerates close and  frequent grazing • Drought and heat  tolerant • Easy to establish • Tough sod

Tall Fescue F■▣RAGE College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Tall Fescue

F■RAE Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) David Barker,Ohio State Univ. College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu

Adaptation,use and management of Tall Fescue 。 Used for pasture,hay,silage and soil conservation,primarily in the transition zone. Tolearant wide range of enviroment,including soils that are acid,infertile,drought-prone and somewhat poorly-drained. 。 Tolerates heat,overgrazing and improper management,but not very cold-tolerant as smooth bromegrass and timothy. FORAGES Copyright reseved by Long Ming College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  • Used for pasture,hay,silage and soil conservation,primarily in the transition zone. • Tolearant wide range of enviroment,including  soils that are acid,infertile,drought­prone and  somewhat poorly­drained. • Tolerates heat,overgrazing and improper  management,but not very cold­tolerant as smooth bromegrass and timothy.  Adaptation，use and management of Tall Fescue

"Fescue is our main feed and also our main problem,"some have been heard to say.It is persistent,yet the endophyte fungus can make Fescue be toxic to livestock.Lower conception rates, lower weaning weights and poor cattle performance are typical problems caused by the fungus living inside of fescue grass Tall Fescue Toxicosis羊茅中毒症 Infected with an endophyte内生菌（吡喀碱Perloline) Depressed growth rates,especially in the summer and autumn when alkaloid levels are at their highest. 7■RAGE 症状：食量过多会使牛脱皮、毛干燥、腹泻，体重下 降，尤以春末夏初容易发生 Copyright reseved by Long Mingx College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  • Tall Fescue Toxicosis 羊茅中毒症 Infected with an endophyte内生菌（吡喀碱Perloline） • Depressed growth rates, especially in the summer and  autumn when alkaloid levels are at their highest . •  症状：食量过多会使牛脱皮、毛干燥、腹泻，体重下 降，尤以春末夏初容易发生 "Fescue is our main feed and also our main problem," some  have been heard to say. It is persistent, yet the endophyte fungus can make Fescue be toxic to livestock. Lower conception rates,  lower weaning weights and poor cattle performance are typical problems caused by the fungus living inside of fescue grass

Toxic effects on broodmares (传种母马) abortions,prolonged gestation 孕期延长，birthing problems, retained placentas)胎盘滞留， agalactia Management remove mares 60-90 days before foaling产驹 replace infected stands ■RAGE new technologies Copyright reseved by Long Ming College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  • Toxic effects on broodmares （传种母马） – abortions, prolonged gestation 孕期延长, birthing problems, retained placentas胎盘滞留, agalactia • Management – remove mares 60­90 days  before foaling产驹 – replace infected stands – new technologies

Orchardgrass果园草 ppV2-213,forages pp345中文教材 Origin and description Also known as cocksfoot native to Europe,North Africa,and parts of Asia. FORAGES College of animal science,Northwest Agri 西北农林科技大学动物科技学

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Orchardgrass 果园草 ppV2­213,forages  pp345 中文教材 Origin and description • Also known as cocksfoot • native to Europe,North Africa,and parts of Asia

Orchardgrass High nutritive value Palatable Hay or Pasture Bunchgrass-forms open sod Does not tolerate close and frequent defoliation Limited summer growth Limited persistence Insect problems FORAGES College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Orchardgrass • High nutritive value • Palatable • Hay or Pasture • Bunchgrass­forms open sod • Does not tolerate close and frequent defoliation • Limited summer growth • Limited persistence • Insect problems