西北农林科技大学：《牧草栽培学》课程教学资源（双语课件）Chapter 4 Legumes（2/3）clover & crownvetch

第二节白三叶 ■RAG White clover 。 College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu White clover  第二节 白三叶

Introduction-white clover Scientific name:Trifolium repens L. Common name:White clover The world's most widely grown clover. originated in the Mediterranean region(地中海地区)and was subsequently spread throughout Europe by wind,water, birds,and grazing animals. It was cultivated in the Netherlands in the 1600's and introduced into England in thel700's.Early European colonists who had recognized its value as a pasture plant brought it to America.White clove revolved(循环出现) in areas characterized by fertile soils and good soil moisture F RAGES Its evolution and spread was closely associated with the domestication of grazing animalscopyrig reseved byLong College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Introduction­white clover •  Scientific name: Trifolium repens L.  •  Common name: White clover •  The world’s most widely grown clover.  •  originated in the Mediterranean region（地中海地区） and  was subsequently spread throughout Europe by wind, water,  birds, and grazing animals.  •  It was cultivated in the Netherlands in the 1600’s and  introduced into England in the1700’s. Early European  colonists who had recognized its value as a pasture plant brought it to America. White clove revolved（循环出现） in areas characterized by fertile soils and good soil moisture.  •  Its evolution and spread was closely associated with the  domestication of grazing animals

拉草福怡加 White Clover Important in pastures Three types small,medium,large Ladino or large type produces Stolons well adapted to grazing Poor drought tolerance 爱③3 persists via reseeding Very high in quality F■RAGE College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu White Clover • Important in pastures • Three types – small, medium, large  • Ladino or large type produces • Stolons – well adapted to grazing • Poor drought tolerance – persists via reseeding • Very high in quality

W.M.Hamilton claimed: "The isolation of New Zealand No 1 White Clover was possibly the greatest single advance made in the recognition of a desirable pasture species-its vigour, high yield,and ability to respond to phosphate topdressing have been outstanding and of the greatest importance in raising pasture yields". P■RAGES Copyright reseved by Long College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu • W.M. Hamilton claimed: “The isolation of New Zealand No 1 White Clover was possibly the greatest single advance made in the recognition of a desirable pasture species ­ its vigour,  high yield, and ability to respond to phosphate（磷 酸盐） topdressing have been outstanding and of the greatest importance in raising pasture yields

Agronomic importance clover Improvement of pasture quality Ryegrass 10-20%crude protein Legumes 15-25%CP It is for this reason that legumes are important food stuffs for both humans and animals (about 60%crude protein). Ryegrass is okay for metabolic maintenance(维持代谢)but protein conc. too low for efficiently fattening animals ■RAGE (育肥家畜)· Copyright reseved by Long College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Agronomic importance ­ clover • Improvement of pasture quality –  Ryegrass 10 – 20% crude protein  –  Legumes 15 – 25% CP • It is for this reason that legumes are  important food stuffs for both humans and animals (about 60% crude protein). • Ryegrass is okay for metabolic  maintenance(维持代谢) but protein conc.  too low for efficiently fattening animals  （育肥家畜）

Agronomic importance -clover White clover fixes between 60 and 300 kg N/ha /yr. Urea(尿素)isS400 per tonne,and46% N,thus clover is worth between $50 and $260 per year. The average is ~150 kg N/ha/yr (-$130 yr). F RAGES Copyright reseved by Long College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu • White clover fixes between 60 and 300 kg N / ha / yr. • Urea（尿素） is $400 per tonne, and 46%  N, thus clover is worth between $50 and  $260 per year. • The average is ~150 kg N / ha / yr (~$130 yr).  Agronomic importance ­ clover

Botanical Description-white clover >Low growing short-lived perennial legume In well adapted areas-3 to 5 years In more stressful environments only 1 to 2 years Taproot FORAGES College of animal sci 西北体

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Taproot  Botanical Description­white clover ÿLow growing short­lived perennial legume In well adapted areas ­ 3 to 5 years In more stressful environments only 1 to 2 years

morphology and physiology-White clover White clover has a prostrate stem(grows horizontally along ground surface)called a stolon ● New phytomers(繁殖单位) are produced at the meristem.(分生组织) New phytomers have a leaf and a lateral bud 芽)。 FORAGES Copyright reseved by Long College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu morphology and physiology­ White clover  • White clover has a prostrate stem (grows horizontally along ground  surface) called a stolon. • New phytomers（繁殖单位） are produced at the meristem.（分生组织） • New phytomers have a leaf and a lateral bud（侧 芽）

拉草园怡加自 morphology and physiology-White clover 。 Since the stolon creeps along the ground,light interception(拦截) could be a problem, because it will be shaded by other plants. Clover gets around this problem by lifting its leaves above ground leve F■▣RAGES on a petiole. College of animal science,Northwest Agricuiture o rorestry universiy 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  • Since the stolon creeps along the ground， light interception（拦截） could be a problem,  because it will be shaded  by other plants. • Clover gets around this problem by lifting its  leaves above ground level  on a petiole.  morphology and physiology­ White clover

Cupyrign resevedby cong College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系

__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University  西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu