西北农林科技大学：《牧草栽培学》课程教学资源（双语课件）Chapter 3 Pasture Establishment and Management

Forage Cultivation Chapter 3 Pasture Establishment and Management Instructor: Long Mingxiu F■▣RAGE A Copyright reseved by Long M

2010­3­22  1 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Forage Cultivation  Chapter 3   Pasture Establishment and Management Instructor:  Long Mingxiu

Pasture Establishment and Management Purpose Proper establishment is an important step in any successful forage stand. Desired establishment should result in dense stands that persist for: 。higher yields ● return on investment FORAGES ● increase of desired 2010-3-22 species Copyright reseved by Long M

2010­3­22  8 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Purpose  Proper establishment is an important step in any  successful forage stand.  Desired establishment should result in dense stands that  persist for: • higher yields • return on investment • increase of desired species  Pasture Establishment and Management

Overview of Chapter 3 Establishment 1.Species cultivar selection 。 2.Seedbed preparation 。 3.Time of planting FORAGE 。4.Seed treatments ESTABLISHMENT 。 5.Seeding depth 6.Seeding rates 。1 7.Seeding methods Managemant 8.Pasture renovation 9.Autotoxicity ■RAGE 10.Seed year harvest management 2010-3-22 ·11.Veed control Copyright reseved by Long Mig

2010­3­22  9 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Overview of Chapter 3 Establishment • 1. Species / cultivar selection • 2. Seedbed preparation • 3. Time of planting • 4. Seed treatments • 5. Seeding depth • 6. Seeding rates • 7. Seeding methods  Managemant • 8. Pasture renovation • 9. Autotoxicity • 10.Seed year harvest management • 11.Weed control

Pasture Establishment and Management 1.species/cultivar selection V2-344 You need to know: The area climate where to plant; usage of pasture; cultural condition:soil,cultivate technology; broad adaptability and good quality; F■RAGES Fresher seed 2010-3-22 Copyright reseved by LogM

2010­3­22  10 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu 1. species/cultivar selection  V2­344 You need to know:  The area climate  where to plant;  usage of pasture;  cultural condition:soil,cultivate technology;  broad  adaptability and good quality;  Fresher seed  Pasture Establishment and Management

Seed germination of several forage species before and after storage Germination under room and subfreezing conditions Hanson Moore,1959 Alfalfa White Clover▣Lespedeza☐Crimson Clover☐Fescue▣Orchardgrass 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fresh Seed 12 Months 24 Months 36 Months 36 Months Room Room Room Freezer

2010­3­22  11 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Seed germination of several forage species before and after  storage 

An effective forage program begins with a soil test 个好的种草项目是从士壤 测试开始的

2010­3­22  12 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu •  一个好的种草项目是从土壤 测试开始的

Pasture Establishment and Management 2.Seedbed preparation V2-346 small seed size makes preparation essential .The ideal seedbed should be: ■smooth平整 ·firm紧实度 soit right hard ▣free of clods土块疏松 Copyright reseved by Long Mis

2010­3­22  13 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  2.Seedbed preparation V2­346 • small seed size makes preparation essential •The ideal seedbed should be:  ß smooth 平整 ß firm 紧实度 ß free of clods 土块疏松 Pasture Establishment and Management

拉草福怡加售 Harrowing耙地 Before Seeding 在播种前 Used to“Firm up” very mellow seedbeds ● 通常是“坚实”非常 松软的苗床 Improves seed placement and control of seed depth 改善播种质悬挖2 制播种深度 Copyright reseved by Long Mg

2010­3­22  14 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Harrowing 耙地 •  Before Seeding •  在播种前 •  Used to “Firm up” very mellow seedbeds •  通常是“坚实”非常 松软的苗床 •  Improves seed placement and  control of seed depth •  改善播种质量，控 制播种深度

Spring Seeding春季播种 Time of Seeding -ideal time最好的时间 cool,moist conditions 播种时间 - ideal for germination寒冷、湿度适宜萌发 Summer Seeding夏季播种 -only if adequate moisture只有在湿度合适时 Fall seeding-can be very successful Dormant seeding_休眠/秋季播种 seeded late so that no germination fall延迟播种，以便无种子 在秋季萌发 may get frost kill if germinates too early如萌发过早易导致霜 冻 F RAGES 2010-3-22 can work well with direct seeding into stubble直接播效果也 好 Copyright reseved by Long M

2010­3­22  15 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  Time of Seeding  播种时间 • Spring Seeding 春季播种 – ideal time 最好的时间 – cool, moist conditions – ideal for germination 寒冷、湿度适宜萌发 • Summer Seeding 夏季播种 ­only if adequate moisture 只有在湿度合适时 • Fall seeding  ­ can be very successful • Dormant seeding  休眠/秋季播种 – seeded late so that no germination fall延迟播种，以便无种子 在秋季萌发 – may get frost kill if germinates too early如萌发过早易导致霜 冻 – can work well with direct seeding into stubble直接播种效果也 好

3.Seeding at proper time适时播种V2-344 timed to coincide with adequate rainfall and moderate temperatures ●spring advantages often more dependable moisture near optimum germination temperatures less risk of frost (legumes) .late summer/autumn advantages -fewer weed problems drier soils more workable

2010­3­22  16 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu  3.Seeding at proper time 适时播种V2­344 •timed to coincide with adequate rainfall and  moderate temperatures • spring advantages ß often more dependable moisture  ß near optimum germination temperatures ß less risk of frost (legumes) •late summer / autumn advantages ß fewer weed problems ß drier soils more workable