西北农林科技大学：《有机化学 Organic chemistry》课程PPT教学课件（2014）Chapter 19 Ketones and Aldehydes

有机化学ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 主讲：王俊儒87092829(0) 理学院在化系理科楼2层206 Organic Chemistry,6th Edition L.G.Wade,Jr. Chapter 19 Aldehydes and Ketones Homework.19-40,19-41,19-42:a)(d),(g19-47,(P666)

Chapter 19 Aldehydes and Ketones Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. 有机化学ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 主讲：王俊儒 87092829(O) 理学院应化系理科楼2层C206 Homework：19-40; 19-41; 19-42: (a),(d),(g);19-47; (P666）

Content Carbonyl Structure Properties Preparation >Functional group transformations >Carbon-carbon bond formation >C-C Bond cleavage Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones ●C=O ●o-H,a-C

Content ◼Carbonyl Structure & Properties ◼Preparation ➢Functional group transformations ➢Carbon-carbon bond formation ➢C-C Bond cleavage ◼Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones ⚫C=O ⚫-H, - C

Some Common Functional l Groups: alcohol C-OH alkane c-c ether C-O-C C-H alkene C=C aldehyde C-H alkyne CEC ketone C-H carbonyl acid aromatic groups ester amine amide

Some Common Functional Groups: C C C H alkane alkene C C C H alkyne C C C H C C C H aromatic alcohol C OH ether C O C C O H aldehyde C O ketone C O OH acid C O ester O C O N amide N amine carbonyl groups

Types of Carbonyl Compounds General Name General Name Name formula ending Name formula ending Aldehyde -al Ester -oate Ketone -one Lactone None R (cyclic ester) Carboxylic oic acid acid Thioester -thioate Acid halide -yl or-oyl halide Amide -amide Acid oic anhydride anhydride Lactam None (cyclic amide) Acyl -yl phosphate phosphate R

Nature of the Carbonyl Group R R Name Nomenclature Dipole moment -R or -Ar H aldehyde -al 2.7D -R or -Ar -R or-Ar ketone -one 2.9D -R or -Ar OH carboxylic acid -oic acid 1.7D -R or -Ar OR" ester -oate 1.7D -R or -Ar -NH2 amide -amide 3.8D -R or -Ar -X acid halide -oyl halide 2.7D

Some Aldehydes and Ketones Androstenedione testosterone 雄甾酮 雄（甾）烯二酮 KAIZEN aceutical Grade ANDROSTENEDIONE

Some Aldehydes and Ketones O O H H H Androstenedione O OH H H H testosterone 雄(甾)烯二酮 雄甾酮

The Occurrence of the Carbonyl Group Compounds in Nature OH H CH2OH OH H9O glucose testosterone HO progesterone cortisone 睾丸激素黄体酮 可的松

睾丸激素 黄体酮 可的松

Some Aldehydes and Ketones OH HO HO- OH HO- -OH HO OH OH H glucose C6H12O6 cellulose is a polymer of glucose cellulose honey 蜂蜜是过饱和溶液，低温产生葡萄糖结晶，不结晶部分主要是果糖

Some Aldehydes and Ketones cellulose O OH HO HO OH OH glucose C6H12O6 OH OH HO HO OH O H cellulose is a polymer of glucose honey 蜂蜜是过饱和溶液，低温产生葡萄糖结晶，不结晶部分主要是果糖

Some Aldehydes and Ketones: CH3 CH3 )H HO OH oxycontin morphine

Some Aldehydes and Ketones: HO O O OH N CH3 oxycontin HO O OH H N CH3 morphine

Some Aldehydes and Ketones Oxycodone(氧可酮，羟氢可待因酮)is an effective analgesic for mild to moderate pain control, chronic pain syndromes,and for the treatment of terminal cancer pain.Five mg of oxycodone is equivalent to30 ng of codeine(可待因)when administered orally. Oxycodone and morphine are equipotent for pain control in the normal population;10 mg of orally- administered oxycodone is equivalent to 10 mg of subcutaneously administered morphine

Some Aldehydes and Ketones Oxycodone(氧可酮,羟氢可待因酮)is an effective analgesic for mild to moderate pain control, chronic pain syndromes, and for the treatment of terminal cancer pain. Five mg of oxycodone is equivalent to 30 mg of codeine(可待因)when administered orally. Oxycodone and morphine are equipotent for pain control in the normal population; 10 mg of orally￾administered oxycodone is equivalent to 10 mg of subcutaneously administered morphine