上海交通大学：《专业英语》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）学术写作的细节问题

主要内容 ·写作 。学术写作的细节问题 ·单词 ·句子 ·段落组织

 写作 ◦ 学术写作的细节问题  单词  句子  段落组织

学术文章的类型（复习） 综述论文 。描绘特定主题的概况 。将大量的理论和结果集结在一起 描述某个领域的“大画面” 0 0 不要求“原创性” ·研究论文 。发表某项研究成果 。必须有“原创性” ·其他（书评、技术笔记等)

 综述论文 ◦ 描绘特定主题的概况 ◦ 将大量的理论和结果集结在一起 ◦ 描述某个领域的“大画面” ◦ 不要求“原创性”  研究论文 ◦ 发表某项研究成果 ◦ 必须有“原创性”  其他（书评、技术笔记等）

整体结构（复习） ·题名 摘要 引言 ·主要的分析章节 ·结论或建议 致谢 ·参考文献

 题名  摘要  引言  主要的分析章节  结论或建议  致谢  参考文献

用词

准确 ·不要使用意义不明确的形容词/副词/介词 The current remained increased for several hours. The current remained increased for 6 hours. Nests were observed frequently. Nests were observed every 12 hours. We identify people with smart phone. We identify people using smart phone

 不要使用意义不明确的形容词/副词/介词  The current remained increased for several hours.  The current remained increased for 6 hours.  Nests were observed frequently.  Nests were observed every 12 hours.  We identify people with smart phone.  We identify people using smart phone

准确 ·不要使用make do一类的泛指动词 。A picture was made ●A picture was taken We made the experiments We perform the experiments 。一些惯用短语除外，如making decision

 不要使用make do一类的泛指动词  A picture was made  A picture was taken  We made the experiments  We perform the experiments  一些惯用短语除外，如 making decision

准确 ·注意区分定量和定性类型研究的用语 ●Significantly ●More/less

 注意区分定量和定性类型研究的用语  Significantly  More/less

简洁清晰 Our results reflect deviations from .. Our results deviate from .. 类似：Achieve improvement/improve 。避免名词的堆叠 Building energy efficiency improvement Improvement of energy efficiency in buildings Energy-efficiency improvement in buildings

 Our results reflect deviations from …  Our results deviate from …  类似：Achieve improvement/ improve  避免名词的堆叠  Building energy efficiency improvement  Improvement of energy efficiency in buildings  Energy-efficiency improvement in buildings

避免过于口语化 ·可以使用 Many/numerous/large amounts of ·尽量避免 Lots of a lot of

 可以使用 ◦ Many/ numerous/ large amounts of  尽量避免 ◦ Lots of / a lot of

避免性别歧视 避免使用涉及性别的代词等 Man is not the only.… A owner wants to maximize his benefits... ·使用通用词 Human is not the only .. ·使用复数 Owners want to maximize their benefits... ·使用两性的代词 A owner wants to maximize his/her benefits

 避免使用涉及性别的代词等 ◦ Man is not the only … ◦ A owner wants to maximize his benefits…  使用通用词 ◦ Human is not the only …  使用复数 ◦ Owners want to maximize their benefits…  使用两性的代词 ◦ A owner wants to maximize his/her benefits…