黑龙江农业经济职业学院：《经济法基础》课程教学资源（PPT课件，双语版）消费者均衡分析 Consumer Equilibrium Analysis

4.2 Consumer Equilibrium Analysis 消费者均衡分析

消费者均衡分析 4.2 Consumer Equilibrium Analysis

教学目标O bjectives ■了解消费者均衡实现的假设条件 ■掌握实现消费者消费均衡的条件 了解消费者剩余的含义,并会计算 ■学会运用消费者均衡条件进行购买决策分析 知识点 Knowledge 消费者均衡假设条件、均衡条件 消费者剩余 技能点SAi 学会运用消费者均衡条件进行购买决策分析 学会计算

教学目标Objectives： ▪ 了解消费者均衡实现的假设条件 ▪ 掌握实现消费者消费均衡的条件 ▪ 了解消费者剩余的含义，并会计算 ▪ 学会运用消费者均衡条件进行购买决策分析 知识点Knowledge： 消费者均衡假设条件、均衡条件 消费者剩余 技能点Skills： ▪ 学会运用消费者均衡条件进行购买决策分析 ▪ 学会计算

专业词汇 Professional terms Consumer Equilibrium consumption patterns substitute complement marginal utility Consumer surplus Marginal consumer surplus Total consumer surplus

Consumer Equilibrium utility consumption patterns substitute complement marginal utility Consumer surplus Marginal consumer surplus Total consumer surplus 专业词汇Professional terms

We should keep in mind that utility is not a property of the goods themselves. Utility is in the mind of the consumer, and consumers change their minds. Their tastes change; their circumstances change; their consumption patterns change The utility that people get from consuming a good wil depend on the amount of other goods they consume.A change in the amount of other goods consumed, whether the substitutes or complements, will shift the total and marginal utility curve

We should keep in mind that utility is not a property of the goods themselves. Utility is in the mind of the consumer, and consumers change their minds. Their tastes change; their circumstances change; their consumption patterns change. The utility that people get from consuming a good will depend on the amount of other goods they consume. A change in the amount of other goods consumed, whether the substitutes or complements, will shift the total and marginal utility curve

、消费者均衡实现的条件 (一)消费者均衡实现的假设条件 消费嗜好是既定的 消费者收入是既定的,每单位货币的边际效用都相等 物品的价格是既定的

一、消费者均衡实现的条件 （一）消费者均衡实现的假设条件 ▪消费嗜好是既定的 ▪消费者收入是既定的，每单位货币的边际效用都相等 ▪物品的价格是既定的

消费者均衡实现的条件 (二)消费者均衡实现的限制条件 实现消费者消费均衡的条件 Px Ox+ Pr*Or=M MUx/Px=MUy/ Py=Mum

一、消费者均衡实现的条件 （二）消费者均衡实现的限制条件 实现消费者消费均衡的条件 x X Y Y M x x Y Y MU P MU P MU P Q P Q M = = + = / / * *

、消费者均衡实现的条件 (三)消费者均衡的实例分析 假设某个消费者准备购买ⅹ与Y两种商品,已知两种商品 的价格分别为Px=10,Py=20元,该消费者收入为100元, 并将其全部用于购买X和Y两种商品。两种商品的边际效 用MUx和MUy如表3-2所示,此消费者应该购买多少X, 多少Y才能使得总的满足程度最大? Q 2 5 7 9 10 MU 3 2 MU 6 2

一、消费者均衡实现的条件 （三）消费者均衡的实例分析 假设某个消费者准备购买X与Y两种商品，已知两种商品 的价格分别为Px＝10，Py＝20元，该消费者收入为100元， 并将其全部用于购买X和Y两种商品。两种商品的边际效 用MUx和MUy如表3-2所示，此消费者应该购买多少X， 多少Y才能使得总的满足程度最大？ Ｑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MUx 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 MUy 6 5 4 3 2

、消费者均衡实现的条件 (三)消费者均衡的实例分析 组合方式 MUX/PX与MUy/Py 总效用 1、Qx=10,Qy=0 4/10≠0/20 5 2、Qx=8,Qy=1 -2/10≠620 18 3、Qx=6,Qy=2 0/10≠5/20 26 4、Qx=4,Qy 2/10=4/20 29 5、Qx=2,Qy=4 4/10≠3/20 27 6、Qx=0,Qy=5 0/10≠2/20 20

一、消费者均衡实现的条件 （三）消费者均衡的实例分析 组合方式 MUx/Px与MUy/Py 总效用 1、Qx＝10，Qy＝0 2、Qx＝ 8，Qy＝1 3、Qx＝ 6，Qy＝2 4、Qx＝ 4，Qy＝3 5、Qx＝ 2，Qy＝4 6、Qx＝ 0，Qy＝5 -4/10≠0/20 -2/10≠6/20 0/10≠5/20 2/10＝4/20 4/10≠3/20 0/10≠2/20 5 18 26 29 27 20

二、消费者剩余及计算 (一)什么是消费者剩余 Consumer surplus The excess of what a person would have been prepared to pay for a good (i.e. the utility)over what that person actually pays Marginal consumer surplus (MCS) The excess of utility from the consumption of one more unit of a good (MU) over the price paid: MCS=MU -P Total consumer surplus (TCS) The excess of a person's total utility from the consumption of a good (TU) over the total amount that person spends on it: TCS =TU-TE,TE一 total expenditure,ie.P×Q

二、消费者剩余及计算 （一）什么是消费者剩余 Consumer surplus The excess of what a person would have been prepared to pay for a good (i.e. the utility) over what that person actually pays. Marginal consumer surplus (MCS) The excess of utility from the consumption of one more unit of a good (MU) over the price paid: MCS = MU ― P. Total consumer surplus (TCS) The excess of a person’s total utility from the consumption of a good (TU) over the total amount that person spends on it: TCS = TU ― TE, TE — total expenditure, i.e. P × Q

二、消费者剩余及计算 (二)消费者剩余的计算 某种商品购买数愿意付出的价市场价格(元)消费者剩余 量(件) 格(元) (元) 2345 5432 43210 合计 15 5

二、消费者剩余及计算 （二）消费者剩余的计算 某种商品购买数 量（件） 愿意付出的价 格（元） 市场价格（元） 消费者剩余 （元） 1 5 1 4 2 4 1 3 3 3 1 2 4 2 1 1 5 1 1 0 合 计 15 5 10