黑龙江农业经济职业学院：《经济法基础》课程教学资源（PPT课件，双语版）第三章 均衡价格与市场（3.3）均衡价格理论的应用 The Application of Equilibrium price Theory

3.3 The Application of Equilibrium Price Theory 均衡价格理论的应用

3.3 The Application of Equilibrium price Theory 均衡价格理论的应用

教学目标 Objectives ■理解支持价格、限制价格的含义 掌握支持价格、限制价格的利弊 ■学会运用支持价格或限制价格理论分析和解决现实问题 知识点 Knowledge 支持价格、政策利弊 ■限制价格、政策利弊 技能点Ski ■学会运用支持价格或限制价格理论分析分析和解决现实问题

教学目标Objectives： ▪ 理解支持价格、限制价格的含义 ▪ 掌握支持价格、限制价格的利弊 ▪ 学会运用支持价格或限制价格理论分析和解决现实问题 知识点Knowledge： ▪ 支持价格、政策利弊 ▪ 限制价格、政策利弊 技能点Skills： ▪ 学会运用支持价格或限制价格理论分析分析和解决现实问题

专业词汇 Professional terms maximum price Minimum price government Black markets protect producers incomes surplus shortage substitute goods

maximum price Minimum price government Black markets protect producers’ incomes surplus shortage substitute goods 专业词汇Professional terms

-、限制价格 Maximum price a price ceiling set by the government or some other agency. The price is not allowed to rise above this level although it is allowed to fall below it) Rationing Where the government restricts the amount of a good that people are allowed to buy

Maximum price A price ceiling set by the government or some other agency. The price is not allowed to rise above this level 9although it is allowed to fall below it). Rationing Where the government restricts the amount of a good that people are allowed to buy. 一、限制价格

-、限制价格 价格是指政府为了限制某些生活必需品的 物价上涨而规定的这些商品的最高价格,限 制价格低于市场均衡价格。 P P 供给不足 QQ。0sQ 图3-5限制价格及结果

限制价格是指政府为了限制某些生活必需品的 物价上涨而规定的这些商品的最高价格，限 制价格低于市场均衡价格。 一、限制价格 Eo 0 QD Qo QS Q P Po P1 图3-5 限制价格及结果 Do So 供给不足

-、限制价格 The government may set maximum prices to prevent them from rising above a certain level. This will normally be done for reasons of fairness. In wartime, or times of famine, the government may set maximum prices for basic goods so that poor people can afford to buy them

The government may set maximum prices to prevent them from rising above a certain level. This will normally be done for reasons of fairness. In wartime, or times of famine, the government may set maximum prices for basic goods so that poor people can afford to buy them. 一、限制价格

-、限制价格 限制价格的影响(以住房为例) 导致住房供给严重不足 寻求活动、黑市和寻租 解决住房问题的出路 住房市场化 创造住房市场化条件

一、限制价格 限制价格的影响（以住房为例） ▪导致住房供给严重不足 ▪寻求活动、黑市和寻租 解决住房问题的出路 ▪住房市场化 ▪创造住房市场化条件

-、限制价格 A major problem with maximum prices is likely to be the emergence of black markets, where customers, unable to buy enough in legal markets, may well be prepared to pay very high prices. Another problem is that the maximum prices reduce the quantity produced of an already scarce commodity. To minimize these types of problem the government may attempt to reduce the shortage by encouraging supply: by drawing on stores, by direct government production, or by giving subsidies or tax relief to firms. Alternatively, it may attempt to reduce demand: by the production of more alternative goods or by controlling peoples incomes

一、限制价格 A major problem with maximum prices is likely to be the emergence of black markets, where customers, unable to buy enough in legal markets, may well be prepared to pay very high prices. Another problem is that the maximum prices reduce the quantity produced of an already scarce commodity. To minimize these types of problem the government may attempt to reduce the shortage by encouraging supply: by drawing on stores, by direct government production, or by giving subsidies or tax relief to firms. Alternatively, it may attempt to reduce demand: by the production of more alternative goods or by controlling people’s incomes

-、限制价格 限制价格的利弊 有利:限制价格有利于社会平等的实现,有利于社 会的安定 不利:第一,价格水平低不利于刺激生产,从而会 使产品长期存在短缺现象。第二,价格水平低不利 于抑制需求,从而会在资源短缺的同时又造成严重 的浪费。第三,限制价格之下所实行的配给,会引 起社会风尚败坏,产生寻求活动、黑市和寻租

一、限制价格 限制价格的利弊 有利：限制价格有利于社会平等的实现，有利于社 会的安定。 不利：第一，价格水平低不利于刺激生产，从而会 使产品长期存在短缺现象。第二，价格水平低不利 于抑制需求，从而会在资源短缺的同时又造成严重 的浪费。第三，限制价格之下所实行的配给，会引 起社会风尚败坏，产生寻求活动、黑市和寻租

、支持价格 Minimum price a price floor set by the government or some other agency. The price is not allowed to fall below this level (although it is allowed to rise above it) Black markets Where people ignore the government's price and/or quantity controls and sell illegally at whatever price equates illegal demand and supply

Minimum price A price floor set by the government or some other agency. The price is not allowed to fall below this level (although it is allowed to rise above it). Black markets Where people ignore the government’s price and/or quantity controls and sell illegally at whatever price equates illegal demand and supply. 二、支持价格