黑龙江农业经济职业学院：《经济法基础》课程教学资源（PPT课件，双语版）绪论

PREFACE 绪论

PREFACE 绪论

教学目标 Objectives:o 了解经济学的研究内容 理解济:稀的生在可件边界、机会成本的含义 ■分析解决人类社会的基本经济问题的影响因素 知识点 Knowledge 资源的稀缺性 经济学的研究内容 ■人类社会的基本经济问题 技能点Ski: 正确理解资源的稀缺性和选择问题 分析解决人类肚会的基本经济问题的影响因素

教学目标Objectives： ▪ 了解经济学的研究内容 ▪ 理解经济、稀缺、生产可能性边界、机会成本的含义 ▪ 掌握人类社会的基本经济问题 ▪ 分析解决人类社会的基本经济问题的影响因素 知识点Knowledge： ▪ 资源的稀缺性 ▪ 经济学的研究内容 ▪ 人类社会的基本经济问题 技能点Skills： ▪ 正确理解资源的稀缺性和选择问题 ▪ 分析解决人类社会的基本经济问题的影响因素

专业词汇 Professional terms Economics Production Consumption Factors of production Labor Land and raw materials Capital scarci the Production Possibility Economic System Mixed economy opportunity cost Microeconomics Macroeconomics

Economics Production Consumption Factors of production Labor Land and raw materials Capital scarcity the Production Possibility Economic System Mixed economy opportunity cost Microeconomics Macroeconomics 专业词汇Professional terms

Definition Production: The transformation of inputs into outputs by firms in order to earn profit (or meet some other objective). Consumption: The act of using goods and services to satisfy wants. This will normally involve purchasing the goods and services Factors of pi roduction(or resources) The inputs into the production of goods and services: labor, land and raw materials. and capital

Production: The transformation of inputs into outputs by firms in order to earn profit (or meet some other objective). Consumption: The act of using goods and services to satisfy wants. This will normally involve purchasing the goods and services. Factors of production (or resources): The inputs into the production of goods and services: labor, land and raw materials, and capital. Definition

Definition Labor: All forms of human input, both physical and mental, into current production. Land and raw materials: Inputs into production that are provided by nature: e.g. unimproved land and mineral deposits in the ground. Capital All inputs into production that have themselves been produced. e.g. factories, machines and tools

Definition Labor: All forms of human input, both physical and mental, into current production. Land and raw materials: Inputs into production that are provided by nature: e.g. unimproved land and mineral deposits in the ground. Capital :All inputs into production that have themselves been produced: e.g. factories, machines and tools

OI WHATDO ECONOMICS STUDY? 经济学的研究对象 What is the scarcity? Scarcity is the excess of human wants over what can actually be produced. Because of scarcity, various choices have to be made between alternatives

0.1 WHAT DO ECONOMICS STUDY? 经济学的研究对象 What is the scarcity? Scarcity is the excess of human wants over what can actually be produced. Because of scarcity, various choices have to be made between alternatives

一、什么是资源的稀缺性 其相对于人类社会的无限欲望而言,经济物 品,或者生产这些物品所需要的资源总 不足的,资源的这种相对有限性就是瓷源 的稀缺性

相对于人类社会的无限欲望而言，经济物 品，或者生产这些物品所需要的资源总是 不足的，资源的这种相对有限性就是资源 的稀缺性。 一、什么是资源的稀缺性

、怎样理解资源的稀缺性 How can we perceive the scarcity? The scarcity is comparative with human wants The problem of scarcity will exist forever Economics could not live without scarcity 理解资源稀缺性这一概念时,要注意三点: 第 资源稀缺性强调的不是资源绝对数量的多少,而是相 对于人类社会需要的无限性而言的资源的有限性。 第二,对于人类社会来说,资源稀缺性的存在是一个永恒的 问题 第三,经济学研究的问题是由于资源稀缺性的存在而产生的, 没有资源稀缺性就没有经济学研究的必要性

How can we perceive the scarcity? The scarcity is comparative with human wants. The problem of scarcity will exist forever. Economics could not live without scarcity. 理解资源稀缺性这一概念时，要注意三点： 第一，资源稀缺性强调的不是资源绝对数量的多少，而是相 对于人类社会需要的无限性而言的资源的有限性。 第二，对于人类社会来说，资源稀缺性的存在是一个永恒的 问题。 第三，经济学研究的问题是由于资源稀缺性的存在而产生的， 没有资源稀缺性就没有经济学研究的必要性。 二、怎样理解资源的稀缺性

三、人类社会的基本经济问题 (一)生产可能性 the Production Possibility What is the production possibility curve? A curve showing all the possible combinations of two goods that a country can produce within a specified time period with all its resources fully and efficiently employed

（一）生产可能性 the Production Possibility What is the production possibility curve? A curve showing all the possible combinations of two goods that a country can produce within a specified time period with all its resources fully and efficiently employed. 三、人类社会的基本经济问题

三、人类社会的基本经济问题 (二)人类社会经济基本问题的种类 1生产什么,生产多少 What goods and services are going to be produced and in what quantities, since there are not enough resources to produce all the things people desire? 2怎样生产(如何生产) normally more than one way of producing thingS? DRE How are things going to be produced, aiven that there is 3为谁生产 For whom are things going to be produced? In other words, how will the nation's income be distributed?

（二）人类社会经济基本问题的种类 1.生产什么，生产多少 ▪ What goods and services are going to be produced and in what quantities, since there are not enough resources to produce all the things people desire? ▪ 2.怎样生产（如何生产） ▪ How are things going to be produced, given that there is normally more than one way of producing things? 3.为谁生产 For whom are things going to be produced? In other words, how will the nation’s income be distributed? 三、人类社会的基本经济问题