《轮机仿真及控制技术》课程授课教案（讲义）Ballast Water Treatment Technologies（Current Status）

Ballast Water TreatmentTechnologies (Current Status)By:DrKayvan Pazouki

Ballast Water Treatment Technologies (Current Status) By: Dr Kayvan Pazouki

Ballast Water ConventionRegulation Highlight:Yearof ship construction*Before 20092009+2009-20112012+Ballast capacity5000mBallastwaterBallastwaterexchangeBallast water exchangeortreatmentuntil2016ortreatmentuntil2016treatmentonlyBallast watertreatment onlyBallastwatertreatmentonlyfrom2016from2016Monday,September2222014

Monday, September 22, 2014 2 Ballast Water Convention Regulation Highlight:

Ballast Water ConventionAdoption:13February 2004Entry into force:12monthsafterratificationby30States,representing 35 percent of world merchant shipping tonnage.Current status:Ratified by38States,representing 30.38 percent ofworld merchant shippingtonnage.Ratified StatesPossibleReasons?Monday,September222014

Monday, September 22, 2014 3 Ballast Water Convention  Adoption: 13 February 2004  Entry into force: 12 months after ratification by 30 States, representing 35 percent of world merchant shipping tonnage.  Current status: Ratified by 38 States, representing 30.38 percent of world merchant shipping tonnage.  Ratified States  Possible Reasons?

Ballast WaterQualityRegulation D-1:BWE Standardatleast95%volumetricexchangepump through method -three times.Less than three timesacceptedwhenship demonstratesthatatleast95%volumetricexchangeis metRegulation D-2:BW Performance Standard<10viableorganisms≥50umminimumsizeperm3,and<10viableorganisms<50μmand≥10μmminimumsizepermlindicator microbes,dischargeshallnotexceed:a. Vibrio choleraeless than 1 cfu per 100 ml or 1 grwetweight)Zooplanktonsamplesb.E.colilessthan250 cfuper100mlc.Enterococcilessthan 100 cfuper 100 mlMonday,September222014

Monday, September 22, 2014 4 Ballast Water Quality  Regulation D-1: BWE Standard  at least 95% volumetric exchange  pump through method - three times. Less than three times accepted when ship demonstrates that at least 95% volumetric exchange is met  Regulation D-2: BW Performance Standard  < 10 viable organisms ≥ 50 μm minimum size per m³, and  < 10 viable organisms < 50 μm and ≥ 10 μm minimum size per ml  indicator microbes, discharge shall not exceed: a. Vibrio cholerae less than 1 cfu per 100 ml or 1 gr (wet weight) Zooplankton samples b. E. coli less than 250 cfu per 100 ml c. Enterococci less than 100 cfu per 100 ml

ApprovalProcessTechnologies developed for ballast water treatment are subject toapproval through specific IMo processes and testing guidelines.These guidelines are designed to ensure that such technologiesmeettherelevantIMO standards:are sufficiently robust;have minimal adverseenvironmental impact;andare suitablefor use inthe specific shipboard environmentA company offeringa treatment process must havethe processapproved by a Flag Administration.In general the manufacturer willuse:the country in which it is basedthe Flag Statewherethetesting facilityisbasedMonday,September222014

Monday, September 22, 2014 5 Approval Process  Technologies developed for ballast water treatment are subject to approval through specific IMO processes and testing guidelines.  These guidelines are designed to ensure that such technologies meet the relevant IMO standards:  are sufficiently robust;  have minimal adverse environmental impact; and  are suitable for use in the specific shipboard environment.  A company offering a treatment process must have the process approved by a Flag Administration. In general the manufacturer will use:  the country in which it is based  the Flag State where the testing facility is based

BWMS(Treatment,Control and Monitoring)DocumentationreviewandapprovalBya GovernmentBWMSManufacturerChemicalapprovedincludestestsfoundunderG(9)ChemicalsatisfactorybybyIMOTreatmentaGovernmentBWMSTestProtocolOptionsShipboardLand-Based testingtestingtotoD-2standard isevaluateagainstsatisfactoryD-2standardShipboard testingtoD-2standardisAllBWsatisfactorydischargedduring testperiodmeetsD-2standardBWMS includesIMOapprovesChemicalBWMSunderG(9)TreatmentGovernmentgrantsTypeApprovalofBWMSMonday,September22TypeApprovedBwMSShipissued BWMcan be installedCertificateafter62014onboardshipfunctionaltestofBWMS

Monday, September 22, 2014 6 BWMS (Treatment, Control and Monitoring) Documentation review and approval By a Government BWMS includes Chemical Treatment Manufacturer tests found satisfactory by a Government Chemical approved under G(9) by IMO BWMS Test Protocol Options Land-Based testing to D-2 standard is satisfactory BWMS includes Chemical Treatment Shipboard testing to D-2 standard is satisfactory Shipboard testing to evaluate against D-2 standard All BW discharged during test period meets D-2 standard IMO approves BWMS under G(9) Government grants Type Approval of BWMS Type Approved BWMS can be installed onboard ship Ship issued BWM Certificate after functional test of BWMS

Summaryof Approval PathwayApprovalofApprovalofApprovalofIssueoftypeapprovaenvironmentalenvironmentalcertificatesystemimpactofdischarged(Flag State)impactofdischarged(FlagState)ballastwaterballastwater(GESAMPBWWG)（GESAMPBWWG)InitialLandShip-FinalSystems usingTypeapprovalboardapprovalApprovalactivebasedtrialssubstances*CertificatetestingShip-SystemsnotLandTypeboardApprovalusingactivebasedtrialssubstancesCertificatetestingreatmentsystemwill betestedbqthonland-basedandBasicntfyecoreny thApproyalisHMBoaeiRrec)hipboardshipagwhen usirgT-tanardptayingfieldhasbeendesigned to eyaluate口BasicApprovalis'tBrincipleapprovalofthestemrbyG8CdrealiveenvironmenitalOSBothand-basedandshipboardtestsaresupervisgedby It allogstatetptprestntative.ESHOMonday,September22,2014

Monday, September 22, 2014 7 Summary of Approval Pathway  Basic Approval is the first step in the approval process when using an active substance.  Basic Approval is thus an ‘in principle’ approval of the environmental impact of an active substance.  It allows testing of a system at sea.  Treatment system will be tested both on land-based and shipboard ship according to IMO Guideline G(8).  A standard playing field has been designed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment system by G(8).  Both land-based and shipboard tests are supervised by Flag State or its representative

Approval procedure in G(9)2.FINALAPPROVALUsing Active Substances that have received basic approvalManufacturerData setDischargetest withwholeTypeApproval accordingtorelevantIMOguidelinesDischarge Test-datasystem on the test-bedDischargeTimeThe MemberoftheOrganizationRequestforOrganizationadditionaldata setConfirm residual toxicity of discharged ballast waterwiththeevaluationunderthebasicapprovalIMOTechnical GroupApprove the Ballast Water Management system thatOrganization(MEPC)make use of Active SubstancesPublishlistofapprovalsThe Memberof the Organization

 Data on effect on aquatic plants, invertebrates, fish and other biota;  Data on mammalian toxicity;  Data on environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions;  Physical and chemical properties of AS; and  Analytical methods at environmentally relevant concentrations. Approval procedure in G(9)

Approval procedure in G(8)Land-based testSOURCEInLineSOURCEFTIn-tank000000000400000044白0000080441234.PumpSampletanks5.Feed TankTreatmentSystem6.Feed LineSimulated Ballast Water Tank

Approval procedure in G(8) SOURCE FT 4 Land-based test

Approval procedureinG(8)A shipboardtest cycle should include:The uptake of ballast water of the ship;The storage of ballast water on the shipTreatment of the ballast water in accordance with: The amount of ballast water tested in the test cycle onboardshould be tested st the Treated rated Capacity.The discharge of ballast water from the shipValid tests are indicated byuptakewater:Viable organisms inboth controlandballast tanks should bemore than 10timesthevalues of regulation D-2.1.Viable organisms of control tank should be more than thevalues inthe Regulation D-2.1

Approval procedure in G(8)  A shipboard test cycle should include:  The uptake of ballast water of the ship;  The storage of ballast water on the ship;  Treatment of the ballast water in accordance with:  The amount of ballast water tested in the test cycle onboard should be tested st the Treated rated Capacity.  The discharge of ballast water from the ship.  Valid tests are indicated by uptake water:  Viable organisms in both control and ballast tanks should be more than 10 times the values of regulation D-2.1.  Viable organisms of control tank should be more than the values in the Regulation D-2.1