清华大学：Asymptotic Freedom（PPT讲稿）A Colorful Story for Understanding the Strong Force

Asymptotic Freedom A Colorful Story for Understanding the Strong Force Yong-Shi Wu Center for Advanced Study Tsinghua University (and University of Utah) (Colloquium on 2004 Nobel Prize of

Asymptotic Freedom -- A Colorful Story for Understanding the Strong Force Yong-Shi Wu Center for Advanced Study Tsinghua University (and University of Utah) (Colloquium on 2004 Nobel Prize of Physics)

The subatomic World Structure within the Atom Qu Nucleus Electron sba< Ic un d Neutron and Proton Atom picea seter aleasha∠ IAEste,a

The Subatomic World

向极小尺度推进 size in atoms and in meters (20世纪的成就) -10 10 原子 -14 10 原子核 10.000 -15 10 核子 100.000 18 e 10 100.000000 夸克和电子 at largest

向极小尺度推进 （20世纪的成就） 原子 原子核 核子 夸克和电子

物质”基本粒子“周期表” (每种三色 dsb down strange bottom 轻子 e- Neutrino- Neutrinot-Neutrino (每种无色) e‖v electron tau The Generations of Matter 三代

“物质”基本粒子“周期表” （每种三色） （每种无色） 三 代 夸克 轻子

Sⅸ K Flavors of Leptons electron cat u tiger mu.on neutrino fleas lion

Six Flavors of Leptons

Six Flavors of Quarks (3) (3) Up charm top "卿数 (3)(3)(3) down strange bottom

Six Flavors of Quarks

Colors of Quarks Red, green, blue narks carr a color 26 Anti- quarks Intered. nti green antieblue caIry an anti-color Color Charge has nothing to do with the colors of visble light. We calleach charge a different color as a naming convention

Colors of Quarks

Why called Colors? ■ There are Three colors I Equal Mixing leads to white No Color) 1 Other Properties are NOT Affected a Dynamical roles? Unknown in 1960s

Why Called Colors? There are Three Colors Equal Mixing leads to (=No Color) Other Properties are NOT Affected Dynamical roles? Unknown in 1960’s white

Why Three Colors? Puzzle of Quark's Statistics R-ratio in e+e- Annihilation I Neutral Pion's Electromagnetic Decay 1 Electro-Weak Anomaly Cancellation 日■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

Why Three Colors ? Puzzle of Quark’s Statistics R-ratio in e+e- Annihilation Neutral Pion’s Electromagnetic Decay Electro-Weak Anomaly Cancellation ………………

R-ratio in e+e- Annihilation 10 6 QPM+QCD+Z eZ A Peak 轿4 QPM 2 Resonances D CESR ■ TRISTAN4DOR|s PETRA V SPEAR ADONE 10 102 10 Q2(GeV2 8290A34

R-ratio in e+e- Annihilation