《语言学概论》课程PPT讲稿（英文版）Chapter V Semantics

Chapter V Semantics Semantics A study of meaning

Chapter V Semantics Semantics: A study of meaning

Meaning: What is it? Different Theories of Meaning L, Naming: Labels of things 2, Semantic Triangle non direct association 3. Conceptualistic view: meaning In use 4 Behaviorists' view stimulus and response

Meaning: What is it? Different Theories of Meaning 1. Naming: Labels of things 2. Semantic Triangle: non direct association 3. Conceptualistic view: meaning in use 4. Behaviorists’ view: stimulus and response

Types of Meaning I. Lexical meaning: sense and reference 2, Referential Meaning: meaning with association to the world dog meaning without reference dog12,3,.n meaning with reference

Types of Meaning 1. Lexical meaning: sense and reference 2. Referential Meaning: meaning with association to the world dog: meaning without reference dog1,2,3,…n: meaning with reference

Componential Analysis A Way to the inside of meaning man: (+HUMAN, +MALE+ADULT) woman:(+HUMAN, MALE +ADULT) boy:(+HUMAN,+ MALE_ADULT) girl:(+HUMAN, MALE, ADULT)

Componential Analysis A way to the “inside” of meaning man: (+HUMAN, +MALE, +ADULT) woman: (+HUMAN, _ MALE, +ADULT) boy: (+HUMAN, + MALE, _ADULT) girl: (+HUMAN, _ MALE, _ADULT)

Truth and Truth? Truth value of meaning A boy is a male youngster. Truth value? A boy is a female youngster. Truth or not, truth value Truth table TFFT F

Truth and Truth? Truth value of meaning: A boy is a male youngster. Truth value? A boy is a female youngster. Truth or not, truth value Truth Table T T = T T F = F F T = F F F = T

Logical relations within sentences Opposition A is not a Inconsistency A is B 3 Binary a is b and not b 4 Inclusion A is part of B

Logical relations within sentences 1. Opposition A is not A 2. Inconsistency A is B 3. Binary A is B and not B 4. Inclusion A is part of B

A Way to Sentence Meaning Abstraction of meaning of sentences Tom is selling ice-cream Tom sells ice-cream Tom sold ice-cream Tom has been selling ice-cream TOM, ICE-CREAM (SELL)

A Way to Sentence Meaning Abstraction of meaning of sentences: Tom is selling ice-cream. Tom sells ice-cream. Tom sold ice-cream. Tom has been selling ice-cream. TOM, ICE-CREAM (SELL)

References to the Study of Meaning Plato Austin Searle Chomsky Blake Lakoff

References to the Study of Meaning Plato Austin Searle Chomsky Blake Lakoff