《语言学概论》课程PPT讲稿（英文版）Chapter VI The Definitions of Pragmatics

Pragmatics

Pragmatics

The Definitions of pragmatics speaker listener context social interaction functions of language

The Definitions of Pragmatics • speaker • listener • context • social interaction • functions of language

Speaker Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning (Yule219963 Pragmatics is a theory which seeks to characterize how speakers use the sentences of a language to effect successful communication (Kempson, 1975: 84)

• Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning. ( Yule, 1996.3) • Pragmatics is a theory which seeks to characterize how speakers use the sentences of a language to effect successful communication. ( Kempson,1975:84) Speaker

Listeners Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is said. (Yule, 1996: 3) o Pragmatics is the study of understanding intentional human action.(Green, 1996: 2)

Listeners • Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is said. ( Yule, 1996:3) • Pragmatics is the study of understanding intentional human action. (Green,1996:2)

Context o Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning (Yule1963) Pragmatics can be usefully defined as the study of now utterance have meanings In situations. Leech, 1983:X Pragmatics, as a topic in linguistics, is the study of the use of context to make inferences about meaning( Fasold, 1993: 119, from Schiffrin) Pragmatics is the study of the conditions of human language uses as these are determined by the context of society. Mey, 1993: 42

Context • Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning. ( Yule,1996:3) • Pragmatics can be usefully defined as the study of how utterance have meanings in situations.( Leech,1983:x) • Pragmatics, as a topic in linguistics, is the study of the use of context to make inferences about meaning.( Fasold,1993:119, from Schiffrin) • Pragmatics is the study of the conditions of human language uses as these are determined by the context of society.( Mey,1993:42)

Social interaction Pragmatics is the study of the ability of language users to pair sentences with the contexts il in which they would be appropriate. Levinson, 1983: 24) (In this book i shall be working towards a definition of )pragmatics as meaning in interaction (Tomas, 1995: 24) Pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance (Yule, 1996: 3)

Social interaction • Pragmatics is the study of the ability of language users to pair sentences with the contexts in which they would be appropriate.( Levinson, 1983:24) • (In this book I shall be working towards a definition of )pragmatics as meaning in interaction.(Tomas, 1995:24) • Pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance.(Yule, 1996:3)

Functions of language Pragmatics (is) a general functional perspective on(any aspect of)language, i.e as an approach to language which takes into account the full complexity of its cognitive, social, and cultural(i. e. meaningful) functioning in the lives of human beings. Verschueren, 1995: 13-14

Functions of language • Pragmatics (is) a general functional perspective on (any aspect of)language, i.e. as an approach to language which takes into account the full complexity of its cognitive, social, and cultural(i.e. meaningful) functioning in the lives of human beings.(Verschueren,1995:13-14)

5 units deixis conversational implicature presupposition conversation analySIS speech acts

• deixis • conversational implicature • presupposition • conversation analysis • speech acts 5 units

Speech Acts

Speech Acts

Speech Acts Introduction Speech act theory is the first major theory in pragmatics, initially proposed in the 50s and widely discussed in the 60s and 70s. John L austin one of the ordinary language philosophers at Oxford began a series of lectures at Harvard University in 1955 His posthumous work How to Do Things with Words had an enormous impact on linguistic philosophy, and thereby on linguistics, especially in its pragmatic variant

Speech Acts • Introduction • Speech act theory is the first major theory in pragmatics , initially proposed in the 50s and widely discussed in the 60s and 70s. • John L. Austin , one of the ordinary language philosophers at Oxford , began a series of lectures at Harvard University in1955. • His posthumous work How to Do Things with Words had an enormous impact on linguistic philosophy, and thereby on linguistics, especially in its pragmatic variant