《语言学概论》课程PPT讲稿（英文版）Chapter IX History of Language

History of Language Tiechao yin School of Western Studies Heilongjiang University 9

History of Language Tiechao Yin School of Western Studies Heilongjiang University

Language Definition of human language A system of vocal symbols used human communication

Language Definition of human language ---- A system of vocal symbols used human communication

Design features Bee Courting of Chimpanzee Human dance spide lling language ualIty productivity ++ arbitrariness Rare+ interchange bility cultural transmission Displacement specialty

Design features Bee dance Courting of spider Chimpanzee calling Human language duality ±? － － ＋ productivity ＋ － － ＋ arbitrariness Rare ＋ － ? ＋ interchangeability ＋ － ＋ ＋ cultural transmission － － －? ＋ Displacement － － －? ＋ specialty: ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋

Origin of Mankind Darwin's origin of species ----An evolution theory Single cell animal multi- cell animal→ reptile→ primates→ homo species→ human

Origin of Mankind Darwin’s origin of species ----An evolution theory Single cell animal → multi-cell animal → reptile → primates → homo species → human

Physical Anthropology structure difiference between human and apes Humankind (live in every corner of the world)= Hominidae(人科) Apes (live only in tropical forests or Jung⊥es Pongidae(大猿科) = Hominoidea(人猿超科)

Physical Anthropology • structure difference between human and apes • Humankind (live in every corner of the world) = Hominidae (人科） • Apes (live only in tropical forests or jungles) • = Pongidae（大猿科） • = Hominoidea（人猿超科）

Eⅴ olution of mankind 白垩纪古新世始新世 渐新世 中新世 上新世更新世 2.5-1.0×105年 原猴类 阔鼻猴类 类狭鼻猴类 卷尾猴 狒狒 猩猩 灵长类“家谮

Evolution of mankind

Bony Structure Between Ape and Man 颅腔大,头直立 犬齿小,臼齿大 腰部短 前肢短 骨盆短宽 后肢长 拇指发达 手指平伸 足平,第一趾 2与其他指平列 大猩猩(A)和人(B)的骨骼比较

Bony Structure Between Ape and Man

Skull Difference A B D A.尼人;B.克罗马农人 C.山顶洞人;D.现代人

Skull Difference

Brain size and volume 脑体积/cm53 1500 智人 1300 1100 直立人g 900 能人 700 粗壮型南方古猿 50非洲南黑猩猩 大猩猩 方古猿 300 25 50 100 体重/kg 人科和猿科脑量/体重的比较

Brain Size and Volume

Hands and brain

Hands and Brain