《语言学概论》课程PPT讲稿（英文版）Chapter IV Categories and structure

Chapter∨ Syntax Syntax and grammar Syntax: A Definition Syntax and Chomsky

Chapter IV Syntax Syntax and Grammar Syntax: A Definition Syntax and Chomsky

Categories and Structure Word-level Categories N: Harry, boy, wheat, policy V arrive discuss, melt A: good, tall, old, intelligent p to, in, on, neat blond Ad: silently, slowly, now, quietly Det the a this Deg: too, So, very, quiet Aux: will, can must Qual: always, perhaps, never Conj and or, but

Categories and Structure Word-level Categories N: Harry, boy, wheat, policy V: arrive, discuss, melt A: good, tall, old, intelligent P: to, in, on, neat, blond Ad: silently, slowly, now, quietly Det: the, a this Deg: too, so, very, quiet Aux: will, can, must Qual: always, perhaps, never Conj: and, or, but

Meaning and grammar Meaning an inseparable part of language as well as syntax Colored cat eats the mouse Colorless green ideas sleep furiously * The French king is an three-eyed dragon

Meaning and Grammar Meaning: an inseparable part of language as well as syntax Colored cat eats the mouse. *Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. *The French king is an three-eyed dragon

Phrase structure and x-bar NP the book VP hit the man in the box AP Walk slowly contains ?+P collapse to X-bar (let?= X X-P x+ P

Phrase Structure and X-bar NP the book VP hit the man PP in the box AP walk slowly contains ? + P so collapse to X-bar (let ? = X) X-P x + P

XP XP Specifier Complement head

XP XP Specifier X Complement head

Sentences 「 ne s Rule S Det N A scientist discovered the answer

Sentences The S Rule S NP VP S NP VP Det N V NP Det N A scientist discovered the answer

Complement and Options S NP Infl AVP past Det N Det The boy devoured the sandwich

Complement and Options S NP Infl VP past N Det N V Det N The boy devoured the sandwich

Transformations Transformation: a syntactic movement /NP VP Det N Infl the girl wi leave

Transformations Transformation: a syntactic movement S NP VP Det N Infl V the girl will leave

Transformation Movin Will the girl leave? The XP Rule Deep structure Transformation Surface Structure

Transformation Moving Will the girl ____ leave? The XP Rule Deep Structure Transformation Surface Structure

Wh-Movement Other movements L wh-movement 2 non-movement intonation stress

Wh-Movement Other movements 1.wh-movement 2. non-movement: intonation, stress