中国农业大学：《有机化学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第十章 醇、酚、醚 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Chapter 10.Alcohols. Phenols and Ethers

Chapter 10. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

10.1 Alcohols10.1.1 Classification and nomenclatureR-OHGeneralformula

10.1.1 Classification and nomenclature 10.1 Alcohols General formula R—OH

OHCH3CH.COHC2H,OHCH,CHCH2CH,OHAlcoholCH3DiolsCH,CHC.HoHOCH,CH,OHNumbers ofOH OHOHgroupsOH OHCH,CHCH2Poly alcoholsOHOHOHOHHCOH OH

Numbers of OH groups Alcohol Diols Poly alcohols CH3 OH C2 H5 OH CH3 COH CH3 CH3 CH3 CHCH2 OH HOCH2 CH3 OH CH2 CHC4 H9 OH OH CH2 CHCH2 OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH HO

SaturatedCH:CH,OHAlkalicCH2=CHCH,OHUnsaturatedHC=CCH,OHOHKinds ofCyclichydrocarbonylCH,OHAromatic

Kinds of hydrocarbonyl Aromatic Alkalic Cyclic Saturated Unsaturated CH3CH2OH CH2 CHCH2OH HC CCH2OH OH CH2OH

HCH2=CH-0H-C=0←enolketoneAldehyde

C H 2 C H O H C H 3 CH O enol ketone Aldehyde

10.1.2 Nomenclature of alcohol10.1.2.1 Common NomenclatureQHCH3CHOHCH3C-OHCH,CHCH3OH.CH3n-Butanolt-ButanolTriphenyl Methanoliso-Propanol

10.1.2 Nomenclature of alcohol C4 H9 OH CH3 CHCH3 OH CH3 CH3 C OH CH3 C OH n-Butanol iso-Propanol t-Butanol Triphenyl Methanol 10.1.2.1 Common Nomenclature

10.1.2.2 Systemic NomenclatureCH3CH,CHCH=CH2CICH,CH,OHCH3CHCH2CCH3OHCH3OH2,4-dimethyl -2-pentanol2-chloro ethanol3-buten-2-olOHOHCH3CCH2CHCHCH2CH3CH2OHC2HsOH OH5-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3,5.cis-1,2-cyclohexanediolheptanetriol

10.1.2.2 Systemic Nomenclature 2,4-dimethyl -2-pentanol 2-chloro ethanol 3-buten-2-ol 5-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3,5- heptanetriol cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol CH3CHCH2CCH3 CH3 OH CH3 ClCH2CH2OH CH3CHCH CH2 OH CH3 CCH2 CHCHCH2 CH3 OH CH2 OH OH C2 H5 OH OH

练习、用系统命名法给下列化合物命名OHCHCH21. CI,CHCH,OHOHOHCH3HHHC=CHCH-CH-C三CHOHCH3CH2OH OH

练习、用系统命名法给下列化合物命名 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cl 2CHCH2OH OH OH CHCH2 OH H H CH3CH2 OH C C CH3 H H CH CH OH OH C CH

10.1.3PhysicalProperties ofAlcoholsR修福R2RRCrystal alcohol：低级醇与无机盐形成的分子化合物MgCl2 6CH3OHCaCl2 4C2HsOH CaCl2:4CH3OH

R O H H O O R R R O H H O R R O H H O R Crystal alcohol：低级醇与无机盐形成的分子化合物 10.1.3 Physical Properties of Alcohols CaCl 2 MgCl 2 6CH3 OH CaCl 2 4C2 H5 OH 4CH3 OH

300(醇)200（烷烃1000-100-20089 10 11263boilingpointofalcohols

boiling point of alcohols