《植物育种学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）CHAPTEB 7 BREEDING FOR HETEROSIS

Chapter 7 BREEDING FOR HETEROSIS 种优 B ngee

Chapter 7 BREEDING FOR HETEROSIS 杂种优势育种 BY Niu Yingze （牛应泽） Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering

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81 Utilization of Heterosis in Plant Production 杂种优势在生产上的利用 1. What is Plant Heterosis? p. 117 2. Discovery and History of Heterosis Animals Horse x donkey, 1400 years ago, China Plants The emergent period Kolreuter(1761-1766: Hybrid Tobacco, Darwin(1860S ): Hybrid maize vigor Mendel(1860s): Pea, hybrid vigor Maize: Beal(1876): Varietal maize hybrids

§1 Utilization of Heterosis in Plant Production 杂种优势在生产上的利用 1. What is Plant Heterosis? p. 117 2. Discovery and History of Heterosis Animals Horse x donkey, 1400 years ago, China Plants The Emergent Period Kolreuter(1761-1766): Hybrid Tobacco, Darwin(1860’s) : Hybrid maize vigor Mendel(1860’s) : Pea, hybrid vigor Maize: Beal(1876): Varietal maize hybrids

The foundation period .Maize: Shull(1905-09); East(1908): Inbred lines- Single cross Shull(1914): The term HETEROSIS for hybrid vigor Jones(1918): Double cross H.A. Wallace: Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Conpany The Development period . Maize: 1920-1960s Double cross/Three-way cross/Single cross . Sorghum: Three-line hybrid; Use of cms-System, 1950s Rice: Heterotic Hybrid rice, three-line system The Father Yuan Longping, 1964-1972 .Rape: Hybrid Rapeseed, three-line types; The Father Li Dianrong: The 1st hybrid rape variety The Pioneer Fu Tingdong: The Polima cms .Other crops: More and more

The Foundation Period •Maize: Shull(1905-09); East(1908): Inbred lines - Single cross Shull (1914): The term HETEROSIS for hybrid vigor Jones(1918 ): Double cross H. A. Wallace: Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Conpany The Development Period •Maize: 1920-1960’s Double cross/Three-way cross/Single cross •Sorghum: Three-line hybrid; Use of cms-System, 1950’s •Rice: Heterotic Hybrid rice, three-line system The Father Yuan Longping, 1964-1972 •Rape: Hybrid Rapeseed, three-line types; The Father Li Dianrong: The 1st hybrid rape variety The Pioneer Fu Tingdong: The Polima cms •Other Crops: More and more

2. The Concept of Heterosis Hybrid heterosis and hybrid vigor Types of Heterosis: 1)vegetative, 2) productive adaptive Measurement of Heterosis p 118-119 (1)Mid-parent heterosis (2)Over-parent heterosis 3)Over-standard (Over check heterosis) (4)Heterotic Index

2. The Concept of Heterosis ▪ Hybrid heterosis and Hybrid vigor ▪ Types of Heterosis: 1) vegetative, 2) productive 3)adaptive ▪ Measurement of Heterosis p. 118-119 (1) Mid-parent heterosis (2) Over-parent heterosis (3) Over-standard (Over check heterosis) (4) Heterotic Index

3. The characteristics of heterotic Performance in plants (1)Multiple-character Phenomenon (2) Related to Parental Genetic Difference 3 ) Related to Parental homozygosity (4) Environment Dependent (5) Depression of Heterosis in F2 and later generations 4. The fixation of heterosis P.120

3. The Characteristics of Heterotic Performance in Plants (1) Multiple-character Phenomenon (2) Related to Parental Genetic Difference (3) Related to Parental Homozygosity (4) Environment Dependent (5) Depression of Heterosis in F2 and later generations 4. The Fixation of Heterosis P.120

82 Genetic Basis of Heterosis 杂种优势的遗传基础 1. The dominance Hypothesis P1 AABBccddee x aabbCcdDee P2 10+10+5+5+10=40 5+5+10+10+5=35 AaBbccddEe 10+10+10+10+10=50 F1 F1>PI. P2

§2 Genetic Basis of Heterosis 杂种优势的遗传基础 1. The Dominance Hypothesis P1 AABBccddEE x aabbCCDDee P2 AaBbCcDdEe F1 10+10+5+5+10=40 5+5+10+10+5=35 10+10+10+10+10=50 F1 > P1, P2

2. The over-dominance hypothesis P1 aja1bjb deel x a2a2b2b2C2C2d2d2e2e, p2 (12) a1a2b1b2Cc2dd2ejez F1 where: a a2, a2a,, b1b2>b,b1 b,b

2. The Over-dominance Hypothesis P1 a1a1b1b1c1c1d1d1e1e1 x a2a2b2b2c2c2d2d2e2e2 P2 a1a2b1b2c1c2d1d2e1e2 F1 (12) (10) (20) where: a1a2 > a1a1 , a2a2 ; b1b2 > b1b1 , b2b2 …