复旦大学生命科学学院：《动物学》教学课件_02 单细胞动物（动物体的基本结构与机能、原生动物门）

林条 Linnaeus植物界 〔 Kingdom plantae) 19世纪中叶 動物界( Kingdom Animalia Whittaker 1969 原生生物( Kingdom Protista) 真菌界「( Kingdom mvceteae -原核生物 〔 Kingdom monera

﹝Kingdom Plantae﹞ ﹝Kingdom Animalia﹞ ﹝Kingdom Protista﹞ ﹝Kingdom Myceteae﹞ ﹝Kingdom Monera﹞ 林奈 Linnaeus 19世纪中叶 Whittaker 1969

Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia

Six characteristics of the animals

Six characteristics of the animals

1. Animals are multicellular Except for sponges, animal cells are arranged into tissues a tissue is a roup of cells alike in structure and function such as muscle tissue or brain tissue). Tissues are necessary to produce organs and organ systems

1. Animals are multicellular Except for sponges, animal cells are arranged into tissues (a tissue is a group of cells alike in structure and function… such as muscle tissue or brain tissue). Tissues are necessary to produce organs and organ systems

2. Animals are heterotrophs Heterotrophs consume their organic food Heterotrophs are not capable of making their own foods

2. Animals are heterotrophs Heterotrophs consume their organic food. Heterotrophs are not capable of making their own foods

3. Animals are motile Heterotrophy often requires motility to capture prey. Animals have motility during at least some part of their life cycle

3. Animals are motile Heterotrophy often requires motility to capture prey. Animals have motility during at least some part of their life cycle

4. Animals are diploid The dominant generation in the life cycle is the diploid generation. Their gametes are heterogametes different sizes) eggs are larger than sperm. Gametes are produced by meiosis a typical animal life cycle: adult fertilization meiosIs sperm, eggs

4. Animals are diploid • The dominant generation in the life cycle is the diploid generation. • Their gametes are heterogametes (different sizes); eggs are larger than sperm. • Gametes are produced by meiosis. • A typical animal life cycle:

Human Life Cycle mitosis, differentiation and growth juvenile(2n) mitosis adults(2n) differentiation and growth zygote(2n) meiosis meiosis sperm fusion to form zygote haploid stages egg(n) diploid stages

Human Life Cycle

Cyclica/ parthenogenesis Hybridization sexual hatching parthenogenetic c/e formation son pictures by ebert 2005

pictures by Ebert 2005 Cyclical parthenogenesis Hybridization

5. Animals have a period of embryonic development During embryonic development, cells become specialized and form two or three layers of tissues

5. Animals have a period of embryonic development During embryonic development, cells become specialized and form two or three layers of tissues