复旦大学公共卫生学院：《预防医学英文班（Preventive Medicine I）》参考讲义_6-Consultation for diet

http:/lwww.premed.fudanedu.cn 国家精品课程 探索 创新 R reventive Medic Consultation for diet 倾听 Sha Tao Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University

Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University http://www.premed.fudan.edu.cn 国 家 精 品 课 程 探索 倾听 思考 创新 Consultation for diet Sha Tao

outline o Healthy diet and nutritional counseling e Nutritional assessment Dietary reference intakes Nutrients and supplements ◆ Food label ◆ Choose My Plate ◆ Calculate recipes

2 Outline  Healthy diet and nutritional counseling  Nutritional assessment  Dietary reference intakes  Nutrients and supplements  Food label  Choose MyPlate  Calculate recipes

Diet 乡

3 Diet

Belief Systems Herit Religion Priorities Lifestyle Government Hom Body Image ● Public Health and Schools Health Care Systems Workplaces Agriculture Recreational Facilities Social and Cultural Marketing/Media Foodservice and Retail Norms and Values Community Design and Safety Establishments Foundations and Funders Other Community Settings Sectors of Influence · ndustry Food Beverage Environmental Physical Activity Demographic Factors Settings Entertainment (e.g, age, gender, socioeconomic status,race/ethnicity, disablity status Psychosocial Factors Individual Knowledge and Skills Factors Gene-Environment Interactions Other Personal Factors Food and Physical Beverage Intake Activity

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Terms Diet: selection of food that is normally eaten by a person or population Nutrients: elements in foods that are required for the growth, repair, and regulation of body processes Nutrition: process by which a living organism receives nutrients and uses them to promote its vital activities

5 Terms  Diet: selection of food that is normally eaten by a person or population  Nutrients: elements in foods that are required for the growth, repair, and regulation of body processes  Nutrition: process by which a living organism receives nutrients and uses them to promote its vital activities

y Importance of diet assessment ◆ To track Population intake(epidemiology) Individual intake(diet counseling)

6 Importance of diet assessment  To track: – Population intake (epidemiology) – Individual intake (diet counseling)

Importance of nutrition counselin g 9 A clinicians advice on nutrition is of great importance in helping patients to modify dietary practices o Short and useful recommendations can be as simple as Do not crash diet Eat real foods Watch your portion size Eat break fast 7

7 Importance of nutrition counseling  A clinician’s advice on nutrition is of great importance in helping patients to modify dietary practices.  Short and useful recommendations can be as simple as: – Do not crash diet – Eat real foods – Watch your portion size – Eat breakfast

i Nutrition counseling Adopting a healthy diet can be simple but is not always easy o Patients become discouraged when they attempt to change too many eating habits at once ◆ Advocate small steps

8 Nutrition counseling  Adopting a healthy diet can be simple but is not always easy.  Patients become discouraged when they attempt to change too many eating habits at once.  Advocate small steps

y Primary screening question Tell me about your typical diet? How many servings of fruits and vegetables do you eat in a typical day? Do you typically try to avoid fatty foods? It is difficult to ask a single question that identifies the patients need Those that most affect the patients future health are total calories, fat and fruits and vegetables

9 Primary screening question – Tell me about your typical diet? – How many servings of fruits and vegetables do you eat in a typical day? – Do you typically try to avoid fatty foods? It is difficult to ask a single question that identifies the patients need Those that most affect the patient’s future health are total calories, fat, and fruits and vegetables

Behavioral steps for a health diet Preloaaepban yolfacRalsith liquids and drink ample 4 Food preparation liquids eanI ng Coea the caloric-reduced wa Use smallereplatescapole asse s ad serveas spoons ◆ Meal time Dons8F系E8种! ge amusive a list Stop eatinfgatthreenhealthaumieg sRe daeal Snacking at home Leave a lite food gn your plate y meal and use eeth aft Preplan snalesreleyatoen energ SSian ◆ Emotional snacking Try sugar-faee uana duahb soda, or fruit when crstennte elating music Get out of the house Exercise every day Ask family and friends not to offer you snacks Talk to yourself

10 Behavioral steps for a healthy diet  Food preparation  Meal time  Snacking at home  Emotional snacking Preplan your meals Learn to cook the caloric-reduced way Include low-calorie foods at each meal Shop when your control in highest and have a list Preload your stomach with liquids and drink ample liquids during meals Use smaller plates,bowls,glasses,and serving spoons Do not keep serving dishes on the table Stop eating for a minute during the meal Leave a little food on your plate(doggy bag) Keep tempting foods out of the house Eat three healthy meals a day Brush your teeth after every meal and use mouthwash Preplan snacks into your eating plan Try sugar-free gum,hard candy,diet soda, or fruit when craving sweets Exercise every day Ask family and friends not to offer you snacks Talk to yourself Use relaxation exercises Take a warm bubbble bath Listen to relaxing music Get out of the house