复旦大学公共卫生学院：《预防医学英文班（Preventive Medicine I）》参考讲义_10-Preventive Medicine course Environment

Environment, health, and safety Li, Jiang

Li, Jiang Environment, health, and safety

川Q&A What kind of role does environment play in people's health? Warm up

Q&A What kind of role does environment play in people’s health? warm up

y Health ecological model io-economic, cultural and environmental iving and working conditions Work environmen Unemployment nd community net Water al Education lifest sanitation Health car Ag culture Age, sex and food r production and hereditary factors Housing

Health ecological model

Environment health Environment can affect health in two ways enhance health (2. Environment harm health (oE 24% of the world's disease burden and 23%o of all deaths can be attributed to environmental factors WHO,2006)

Environment & health Environment can affect health in two ways enhance health Environment harm health 24% of the world’s disease burden and 23% of all deaths can be attributed to environmental factors (WHO, 2006)

I Transport Accidents between motor vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians (particularly children and young people) o Pollution from burning fossil fuels o Noise from transportation Psychosocial effects such as severance of communities by large roads and the restriction of children,s movement Increased the odds of spread of infection( Vector borne diseases Climate change due to CO, emission Improved physical activity from cycling or walking o Increased access to employment, shops and medical establishment o Recreational uses of road spaces Contributes to economic development

Transport  Accidents between motor vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians (particularly children and young people)  Pollution from burning fossil fuels  Noise from transportation  Psychosocial effects such as severance of communities by large roads and the restriction of children’s movement  Increased the odds of spread of infection(Vector borne diseases)  Climate change due to CO2 emission  Improved physical activity from cycling or walking  Increased access to employment, shops and medical establishment  Recreational uses of road spaces  Contributes to economic development 5

ENVironment doctors Helping patients interpret environmental risks about which they are concerned Exploring the possibility of environmental (occupational) causes of disease in patients by performing case histories and physical examinations that are environmentally sensitive Reporting diseases that might have been caused by the environment to public health agencies Clinician needs to know o What environmental hazards patients are likely exposed to, 2 How they are potentially exposed 3 and how the exposure threatens their health

Environment & doctors  Helping patients interpret environmental risks about which they are concerned.  Exploring the possibility of environmental (occupational) causes of disease in patients by performing case histories and physical examinations that are environmentally sensitive.  Reporting diseases that might have been caused by the environment to public health agencies Clinician needs to know ① What environmental hazards patients are likely exposed to, ② How they are potentially exposed, ③ and how the exposure threatens their health

W Environmental health by WHO 4 All physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person o The assessment and control of environmental factors that can potentially affect health targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments t This definition excludes the social and cultural environment World Health Organization

Environmental health by WHO ♦ All physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person ♦ The assessment and control of environmental factors that can potentially affect health targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments ♦ This definition excludes the social and cultural environment

This class ◆ Environmental agents that matter to health and health care Health impact of the environment Mechanism of health impact of environment o Transmission of environmental agents Setting of environmental health risks 4 Environmental health specifics

This class Environmental agents that matter to health and health care Health impact of the environment Mechanism of health impact of environment Transmission of environmental agents Setting of environmental health risks Environmental health specifics

The environment Agents Transmitters Settings ◆( Micro) biologic agents◆Air Home ◆ Chemical agents ◆sol School ◆ Physical source Water Worksite (Psycho)social source food

The environment Agents  (Micro)biologic agents  Chemical agents  Physical source  (Psycho)social source Settings  Home  School  Worksite Transmitters  Air  Soil  Water  food

y Classification environmental agents Environmental Description and examples agent Biological Comprises all flora and fauna, including pathogenic parasites (e.g. schistosoma), viruses(e.g enteroviruses), and bacteria (cholera, typhoid) Physical Geological, geographical, climatic and meteorological characteristics. Noise vibration, motor vehicles and other means of transport Chemical Organics and inorganic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, dust Social Lifestyle characteristics such as smoking or diet /economic development, population, government policy, war

Classification environmental agents Environmental agent Description and examples Biological Comprises all flora and fauna, including pathogenic parasites (e.g. schistosoma), viruses (e.g. enteroviruses), and bacteria (cholera, typhoid). Physical Geological, geographical, climatic and meteorological characteristics. Noise, vibration, motor vehicles and other means of transport. Chemical Organics and inorganic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, dust. Social Lifestyle characteristics such as smoking or diet / economic development, population, government policy, war……