重庆医科大学：《人体解剖学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）大脑 Cerebrum（端脑 Telencephalon）

大脑（端脑） Cerebrum (Telencephalon) Guigiong He Department of Anatomy Chongqing Medical University

大脑 (端脑) Cerebrum (Telencephalon) Guiqiong He Department of Anatomy Chongqing Medical University

主要内容 大脑半球的外形 -背外侧面 -内侧面和下面 ■大脑半球的内部结构 大脑皮质 -大脑髓质 -侧脑室 -边缘系统

主要内容 ◼ 大脑半球的外形 -背外侧面 -内侧面和下面 ◼ 大脑半球的内部结构 -大脑皮质 -大脑髓质 -侧脑室 -边缘系统

大脑一是脑的最大部分。分为左、右两 个大脑半球，每个半球分为五叶，两半 球之间被大脑纵裂分隔，大脑纵裂底为 胼胝体corpus callosum Cerebrum Cerebrum Cerebellum

大脑 –是脑的最大部分。分为左、右两 个大脑半球，每个半球分为五叶，两半 球之间被大脑纵裂分隔，大脑纵裂底为 胼胝体corpus callosum Cerebrum Cerebrum Cerebellum

CEREBRAL IE-69 FEATURES 两极：额极，枕极 三缘：上缘，下缘，内侧缘 三面：背外侧面，内侧面，下面 ·▣Gyri-Elevated ridges“winding'around the brain ·沟Sulci-Small grooves dividing the gyri -Central Sulcus:Divides the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe .Fissures-Deep grooves,generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain -Longitudinal Fissure大脑纵裂：Divides the two Cerebral Hemispheres -Transverse Fissure大脑横裂：Separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum -Lateral Fissure外侧沟：Divides the Temporal Lobe from the Frontal&Parietal Lobes

Cerebral Features • 沟Sulci – Small grooves dividing the gyri – Central Sulcus: Divides the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe • 裂Fissures – Deep grooves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain – Longitudinal Fissure大脑纵裂: Divides the two Cerebral Hemispheres – Transverse Fissure大脑横裂: Separates the Cerebrum from the Cerebellum – Lateral Fissure外侧沟: Divides the Temporal Lobe from the Frontal & Parietal Lobes • 回Gyri – Elevated ridges “winding” around the brain. 两极: 额极, 枕极 三缘: 上缘,下缘, 内侧缘 三面: 背外侧面, 内侧面, 下面

沟/裂 Parietal 中央沟 lobe 顶枕沟 Frontal lobe Occipital 大脑纵裂 lobe 外侧沟 Temporal lobe 枕前切迹 Cerebellum 大脑横裂

大脑纵裂 大脑横裂 外侧沟 中央沟 沟/裂: 顶枕沟 枕前切迹

大脑的外形 Lateral view Parietal lobe 额叶Frontal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital J顶叶Parietal lobe lobe ■枕叶Occipital lobe 颞叶Temporal lobe 。 岛叶Insular lobe Insular lobe Temporal lobe Note:Occasionally,the Insular lobe is considered the fifth lobe.It is located deep to the Temporal Lobe

大脑的外形 ◼ 额叶Frontal lobe ◼ 顶叶Parietal lobe ◼ 枕叶Occipital lobe ◼ 颞叶Temporal lobe ◼ 岛叶Insular lobe * Note: Occasionally, the Insular lobe is considered the fifth lobe. It is located deep to the Temporal Lobe. Insular lobe Lateral view

L,大脑半球背外侧面的沟和回 i.额叶frontal lobe The Frontal Lobe is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull ■ It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions -Memory Formation -Emotions -Decision Making/Reasoning Personality ■主要的沟： 口中央前沟 额上沟 ▣额下沟 ■主要的回： 口中央前回Precentral gyrus o额上回Superior frontal gyr 口 额中▣Middle frontal gyrus o额下回inferior frontal gyrus

i. 额叶frontal lobe ◼ The Frontal Lobe is located deep to the Frontal Bone of the skull. ◼ It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions -Memory Formation -Emotions -Decision Making/Reasoning - Personality Motor Cortex Working Memory ◼ 主要的沟: ❑ 中央前沟 ❑ 额上沟 ❑ 额下沟 ◼ 主要的回: ❑ 中央前回Precentral gyrus ❑ 额上回Superior frontal gyrus ❑ 额中回Middle frontal gyrus ❑ 额下回inferior frontal gyrus I. 大脑半球背外侧面的沟和回

ii.J顶叶parietal lobe The Parietal Lobe is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull. It plays an important role in the following functions/actions -Senses and integrates sensation(s) -Special awareness and perception(Proprioception-Awareness of body/body parts in space and in relation to each other) ■主要的沟main sulci: 口中央后沟Postcentralsulcu 口顶内沟ntraparietalsulcus ■主要的回Main gyri: 口中央后回Postcentrai gyrus 顶上、顶下小叶Sup.&inf lobules o缘上回Supramarginal gyrr o角▣Angular gyrus

ii. 顶叶parietal lobe ◼ The Parietal Lobe is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull. ◼ It plays an important role in the following functions/actions -Senses and integrates sensation(s) -Special awareness and perception (Proprioception - Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other) ◼ 主要的沟main sulci: ❑ 中央后沟Postcentral sulcus ❑ 顶内沟Intraparietal sulcus ◼ 主要的回Main gyri: ❑ 中央后回Postcentral gyrus ❑ 顶上、顶下小叶Sup. & inf. parietal lobules ❑ 缘上回Supramarginal gyrus ❑ 角回Angular gyrus

i.题叶temporal lobe The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain,deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull. It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions -Hearing -Organization/Comprehension of language -Information Retrieval (Memory and Memorv Formation) ■主要的沟Main sulci: 口颢上沟Superior temporals 口颞下沟nferior temporalst n主要的回Main gyri:: o颢上回Superior temporal o颞中回Middle temporal gy 口颢下回Inferior temporalg 口 颢横回Transverse tempora

iii. 颞叶temporal lobe ◼ The Temporal Lobes are located on the sides of the brain, deep to the Temporal Bones of the skull. ◼ It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions -Hearing -Organization/Comprehension of language -Information Retrieval (Memory and Memory Formation) ◼ 主要的沟Main sulci: ❑ 颞上沟Superior temporal sulcus ❑ 颞下沟Inferior temporal sulcus ◼ 主要的回Main gyri: ❑ 颞上回Superior temporal gyrus ❑ 颞中回Middle temporal gyrus ❑ 颞下回Inferior temporal gyrus ❑ 颞横回Transverse temporal gyrus

iw.枕叶Occipital lobe The Temporal Lobe is located deep to the Occipital Bones of the skull. ■ Its primary function is the processing,integration,interpretation,etc.of VISION and visual stimuli ■主要的沟Main sulci: o距状沟Calcarine sulcus

iv. 枕叶Occipital lobe ◼ The Temporal Lobe is located deep to the Occipital Bones of the skull. ◼ Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of VISION and visual stimuli ◼ 主要的沟Main sulci: ❑ 距状沟Calcarine sulcus