《语言学概论》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Chapter 8 Pragmatics

Chapter Eight Pragmatics

Chapter Eight Pragmatics

1.1 Major concerns Q: In what ways do we study language? Meaning Context

1.1 Major concerns ◼ Q: In what ways do we study language? ◼ Meaning ◼ Context

1.2 Meaning: dictionary He meant to write intended a green light means go. indicate Health means everything. has importance What's the meaning of life? point What does it mean to you? convey What does ghost mean? refer to in the world

1.2 Meaning: dictionary ◼ He meant to write. intended ◼ A green light means go. indicate ◼ Health means everything. has importance ◼ What’s the meaning of life? point ◼ What does it mean to you? convey ◼ What does ‘ghost’ mean? refer to in the world

Examples ■DOg It's cold here My bag is heav Janet/ Donkeys!(David Copperfield)

Examples ◼ Dog! ◼ It’s cold here. ◼ My bag is heavy. ◼ “Janet! Donkeys!” (David Copperfield)

1.3 Sentence meaning What does x mean Sentence: a grammatical concept, abstract, self-contained unit in isolation from context a Sentence meaning: abstract, intrinsic property, decontextualized

1.3 Sentence meaning ◼ What does X mean? ◼ Sentence: a grammatical concept, abstract, self-contained unit in isolation from context ◼ Sentence meaning: abstract, intrinsic property, decontexualized

1.4 Utterance meaning a What do you mean by x a Utterance: sth a speaker utters in a certain Situation with a certain purpose a Utterance meaning: concrete, context dependent peakers meaning

1.4 Utterance meaning ◼ What do you mean by X? ◼ Utterance: sth a speaker utters in a certain situation with a certain purpose ◼ Utterance meaning: concrete, context￾dependent ◼ Speakers’ meaning

1.5 Sentence M vs Utterance m (A little boy comes in the front door) Mother: Wipe your feet, please

1.5 Sentence M vs. Utterance M (A little boy comes in the front door.) • Mother: Wipe your feet, please

(a father is trying to get his 3-year-old daughter to stop lifting up her dress to display her new underwear to the assembled Father we dont Do that a Daughter: I KNoW, Daddy. You don't WeAR dresses

(A father is trying to get his 3-year-old daughter to stop lifting up her dress to display her new underwear to the assembled.) ◼ Father: We don’t DO that. ◼ Daughter: I KNOW, Daddy. You don’t WEAR dresses

Sometimes we may know only Sentence M instead of Utterance M Some utterances are not grammatically complete sentences, such as" Ouch a Q: How do we recognize Utterance M? Utterance M: Sentence m+ Context

◼ Sometimes we may know only Sentence M instead of Utterance M. ◼ Some utterances are not grammatically complete sentences, such as “Ouch”. ◼ Q: How do we recognize Utterance M? ◼ Utterance M: Sentence M + Context

1.5 Context Linguistic knowledge Extra-linguistic knowledge

1.5 Context ◼ Linguistic knowledge ◼ Extra-linguistic knowledge