实荆州职院：《用英语语音学》（英文版） Part Two Sounds in Connected Speech

English Phonetics Sounds in Connected Speech lecturer 方菲 Sophia fang

English Phonetics ——Sounds in Connected Speech Lecturer : 方 菲 Sophia Fang

Part two Sounds in Connected speech 1. Strong and Weak Forms 2 Assimilation and elision 3. Liaison 4. Length of a sound 5. Word stress 6. Sentence stress 7. Rhythm 8. Sense groups and pause

Part Two Sounds in Connected Speech 1.Strong and Weak Forms 2.Assimilation and Elision 3.Liaison 4. Length of a sound 5. Word Stress 6. Sentence Stress 7. Rhythm 8. Sense Groups and Pause

Chapter 1 Strong and Weak forms 重读与弱读

Chapter 1 Strong and Weak Forms 重读与弱读

Words have two forms 1 Form words(虚词) 2 Pronouns(代词): personal(人称代词) possessive(物主代词) relative(关系代词) indefinite pronoun(不定代词)some”( denoting indefinite quantity)

Words have two forms 1.Form words(虚词) 2.Pronouns(代词): personal(人称代词), possessive(物主代词), relative(关系代词) indefinite pronoun(不定代词)“some” ( denoting indefinite quantity)

Strong Form The strong form of a word is used when the word is said in isolation or in connected speech in which the word should be stressed it is also used in certain cases where the word is unstressed positions

Strong Form The strong form of a word is used when the word is said in isolation, or in connected speech in which the word should be stressed; it is also used in certain cases where the word is unstressed positions

Weak Form Used only in unstressed positions A weak form of a word is generally distinguished from a strong form r(1). by the difference in vowel-sounds, r(2).by the absence of a sound (vowel or consonant), r3). by the difference of in the length of a yowel

Weak Form Used only in unstressed positions. A weak form of a word is generally distinguished from a strong form (1).by the difference in vowel-sounds, (2).by the absence of a sound (vowel or consonant), (3).by the difference of in the length of a vowel

Examples: s are /a:/// r them em/ 8am r and aend//en//n/ ram aem//m/ r been/bi: n// bin/ were/we: //wa/

Examples: are /a:/ /ә/ them /ðem/ /ðәm/ and /ænd/ /әn/ /n/ am /æm/ /m/ been /bi:n/ /bin/ were /wә:/ /wә/

Very often the weak form has / a/ in it, the strong form contains some other vowel e. g. was/woz/ for/fo: / them/dem/ to/tu It was too difficult for them to read /it wez ' tu: ' difikelt fe dam te ri: d/ A few words with /i: /in the strong form have a weak form with /i/ e.g.: the/ai the other end /ai Adar 'end/

Very often the weak form has /ә/ in it, the strong form contains some other vowel. e .g.: was /wɔz/, for/fɔ:/, them/ðem/, to/tu:/ It was too difficult for them to read. /it wәz 'tu: 'difikәlt fә ðәm tә 'ri:d/ A few words with /i:/ in the strong form have a weak form with /i/; e .g.: the /ði:/, the other end /ði 'Λðәr 'end/

1 Conjunctions连 Word Strong Form Weak form an d /aend/ /en/ as /aez/ /ez/ but /bAt/ /bet/ /e/ or /3:r/// /er/ than /dan/ /aan/ that /aat/ /°t/

1.Conjunctions 连词 Word Strong Form Weak Form and /ænd/ /әn/ /n/ as /æz/ /әz/ but /bΛt/ /bәt/ /ә/ or /ɔ:/ /ɔ:r/ /ә/ /әr/ than /ðæn/ /ðәn/ that /ðæt/ /ðәt/

2 Pronouns代词一 Word Strong Form Weak Form he /hi: /i://hi//i/ him /him/ m his /hiz/ /iz/ her /ha://ha: r//he//e//har/ me /mi:/ m them/dam//dam/ /AS/ / that /oat/ /oet/ who u

2.Pronouns 代词 Word Strong Form Weak Form he /hi:/ /i:/ /hi/ /i/ him /him/ /im/ his /hiz/ /iz/ her /hә:/ /hә:r/ /hә/ /ә/ /hәr/ me /mi:/ /mi/ them /ðæm/ /ðәm/ us /Λs/ /әs/ that /ðæt/ /ðәt/ who /hu:/ /hu/