《英文写作》课程教学资源（教案讲义）Cause and Effect 原因与结果

Cause and Effect 原因与结果 教学目的:讲清原因与结果段落的写作手法和常用短语和句型,通过适当练习,使学生掌握 运用原因与结果的关系阐明自己对一种事物或现象的看法。 教学重点:1)原因与结果段落的写作手法;2)常用短语和句型:3)连接词的运用 教学难点:同一因果关系的不同表达方式 教学方法:通过讲授,问答及练习等形式,引导学生积极参与课堂活动,巩固所学。 课前复习提示: 1.重点:1)用句子下定义及常用句型2)用段落下定义的写作方法 2.难点:用段落下定义的写作方法 教学内容 1 Introduction In everyday conversation, when you give your opinion on a topic, you will probably roceed to give your reasons to support it. If you begin with a cause, you will proceed to explain its resulting effects, while if you begin with some effects, then proceed to state the cause responsible for them. In writing, you can do the same 2. Strategies 点 2.1 Caus Effect paragraph Focus: the relation between the topic sentence and its supporting ideas Developmental pattern: effect cause effect Linking words: As a result, Next, In addition, Finally JIt is difficult for workers to find employment this years 2JAs a result, many recent college graduates are unemployed or taking part-time jobs to meet expenses 2]Unemployment among high school graduates has meant that large numbers of teenagers are seeking unemployment benefits 2 The unemployment figures are the highest in decades 2 Finally, the federal government must contribute large amounts of money to support the growing numbers of people who are receiving welfare assistance Example 2 I ] Bag-packing travelling is enjoying a higher and higher popularity among young people in 2]As a result, more and more young people comprehend the beauty and magic of nature and furtherly, fall in love with it

Cause and Effect 原因与结果 教学目的：讲清原因与结果段落的写作手法和常用短语和句型，通过适当练习，使学生掌握 运用原因与结果的关系阐明自己对一种事物或现象的看法。 教学重点：1）原因与结果段落的写作手法；2）常用短语和句型；3）连接词的运用。 教学难点：同一因果关系的不同表达方式。 教学方法：通过讲授，问答及练习等形式，引导学生积极参与课堂活动，巩固所学。 课前复习提示 ： 1．重点：1)用句子下定义及常用句型 2)用段落下定义的写作方法 2．难点：用段落下定义的写作方法 教学内容： 1. Introduction In everyday conversation , when you give your opinion on a topic , you will probably proceed to give your reasons to support it . If you begin with a cause , you will proceed to explain its resulting effects , while if you begin with some effects , then proceed to state the cause responsible for them..In writing,you can do the same. 2.Strategies 重 点 2.1 Cause———Effect paragraph Focus: the relation between the topic sentence and its supporting ideas Developmental pattern: effect Cause effect effect Linking words: As a result, Next, In addition, Finally Example 1 : 1]It is difficult for workers to find employment this years. 2]As a result,many recent college graduates are unemployed or taking part-time jobs to meet expenses. 2]Unemployment among high school graduates has meant that large numbers of teenagers are seeking unemployment benefits. 2]The unemployment figures are the highest in decades. 2]Finally,the federal government must contribute large amounts of money to support the growing numbers of people who are receiving welfare assistance. Example 2: 1]Bag-packing travelling is enjoying a higher and higher popularity among young people in china. 2]As a result,more and more young people comprehend the beauty and magic of nature and furtherly ,fall in love with it

2 After experiencing the amazing magnificence of high moutains and long rivers and the charming folklores of diverse peoples, they cannot help developing a eling of 2] Finally, the constant coming and going of visitors results in the development of local tourism and in consequence, that of local economy as a whole 2.2 Effect----------Cause paragraph Focus: the relation between the topic sentence and its supporting ideas Developmental pattern: effect Cause effect effect 1o words One reason., In addition, another reason.. Finally(Example 1) First of all, Second, In addition, Finally ( Example 2) Exam I]It is difficult for workers to find employment this years 2 JOne reason is that many industries are not hiring new workers 2 In addition, industries are reducing their current staff levels because of decline in national economic conditions 2JAnother reason is that workers who once might have considered early retirement are now staying at their jobs 2] Finally, other workers who once view their job as optional now must keep their positions in order to meet their minimum financial responsibilities Example I Bag-packing travelling is enjoying a higher and higher popularity among young people in 2]First of all, for poor financial condition, young people prefer this economic travelling ISecond, compared with under-guide tourists in a package-tour, bag-packers enjoy more freedom in planning the whole travelling 2]In addition, it brings more fun with chances of visiting long-desired place as long as they like and experiencing diverse folklores as many as they can 2] Finally, it rewards them with a fit built and a persevere character 3 Useful words, phrases and sentence patterns重点 1)Order(used to give reasons or causes First of al Second In addition n addition Another reason Finally 2)Concluding (used to state results or effects As a result Example: He has stopped smoking. Doctors say smoking is harmful for health (1)He has stopped smoking as a result of his doctors warning

2]After experiencing the amazing magnificence of high moutains and long rivers and the charming folklores of diverse peoples,they cannot help developing a feeling of patriotism. 2]Finally, the constant coming and going of visitors results in the development of local tourism and in consequence, that of local economy as a whole. 2.2 Effect----------Cause paragraph Focus: the relation between the topic sentence and its supporting ideas Developmental pattern : effect Cause effect effect Linking words : One reason…,In addition,another reason…,Finally (Example 1) First of all,Second,In addition,Finally (Example 2) Example 1: 1]It is difficult for workers to find employment this years . 2]One reason is that many industries are not hiring new workers . 2]In addition,industries are reducing their current staff levels because of a decline in national economic conditions . 2]Another reason is that workers who once might have considered early retirement are now staying at their jobs . 2]Finally,other workers who once view their job as optional now must keep their positions in order to meet their minimum financial responsibilities . Example 2 : 1]Bag-packing travelling is enjoying a higher and higher popularity among young people in china . 2]First of all,for poor financial condition,young people prefer this economic travelling . 2]Second,compared with under-guide tourists in a package-tour,bag-packers enjoy more freedom in planning the whole travelling . 2]In addition,it brings more fun with chances of visiting long-desired place as long as they like and experiencing diverse folklores as many as they can . 2]Finally, it rewards them with a fit built and a persevere character . 3.Useful words,phrases and sentence patterns 重点 1) Order (used to give reasons or causes) First of all , One reason … Second , In addition , In addition , Another reason … Finally , Finally , 2) Concluding (used to state results or effects) Therefore , As a result , Consequently , Example: He has stopped smoking.Doctors say smoking is harmful for health. ⑴He has stopped smoking as a result of his doctor’s warning

(2)Doctors say smoking is harmful for health. As a result/therefor/ Consequently, he 3)Personal viewpoint I believe I think y own view Is In my opinion Example: Heavy smoking------lung cancer ()I believe that his lung cancer is due to heavey smoking (2)In my opinion, he is suffering from lung cancer owing to his smoking heavi 4) Basic sentence patterns难点:同一因果关系的不同表达方式 ble for A cause produces an effect resu Example: Heavy smoking-----lung cancer is responsible for Heavy smoking can produce b. An effect results from a cause Example: Heavy smoking-----lung cancer was due to His lung cancer resulted from a cause, an effect takes place Example: He has developped a bad cough. He has been smoking heavily (1) He has developed a bad cough as a result of/owing to/because of heavy (2)He has developed a bad cough owing to the fact that he has been smoking class activity: Using the information given below, write a number of sentences expressing the cause-and-effect relationship 1. He dose not like English. English is difficult to learn His English is poor. He does not work hard at English Exercise: 1. Sentence construction escaped from his orphanage. He was distressed at the brutal conditions He lived rough in Mosco. He had no family to turn to

⑵Doctors say smoking is harmful for health . As a result/therefor/Consequently , he has stopped smoking . 3) Personal Viewpoint I believe … I think … My own view is … In my opinion , Example:Heavy smoking------lung cancer ⑴I believe that his lung cancer is due to heavey smoking . ⑵In my opinion , he is suffering from lung cancer owing to his smoking heavily . 4) Basic Sentence Patterns 难点：同一因果关系的不同表达方式 is responsible for a. A cause produces an effect . result in Example:Heavy smoking-----lung cancer is responsible for Heavy smoking can produce lung cancer . results in is due to b. An effect results from a cause . occurs from Example:Heavy smoking-----lung cancer was due to His lung cancer resulted from heavy smoking . occurred from Owing to c. Because of a cause,an effect takes place . As a result of Example:He has developped a bad cough.He has been smoking heavily. ⑴ He has developed a bad cough as a result of/owing to/because of heavy smoking . ⑵ He has developed a bad cough owing to the fact that he has been smoking heavily . class activity:Using the information given below , write a number of sentences expressing the cause-and-effect relationship . 1. He dose not like English. English is difficult to learn . 2.His English is poor . He does not work hard at English . Exercise: 1. Sentence construction He escaped from his orphanage.He was distressed at the brutal conditions there . He lived rough in Mosco.He had no family to turn to

He was not easy to be captured. He had learned not to trust adults Writing Write two paragraphs using the topic sentence and developmental pattern given below Paragraph Recent years found a boom of tourism in China First Second In addition Finally Paragraph B Recent years found a boom of tourism in China. Next In addition Furthermore

He was not easy to be captured.He had learned not to trust adults . 2. Paragraph Writing Write two paragraphs ,using the topic sentence and developmental pattern given below . Paragraph A Recent years found a boom of tourism in China . First , Second , In addition , Finally , Paragraph B Recent years found a boom of tourism in China. As a result , Next , In addition , Furthermore