《英文写作》课程教学资源（教案讲义）Time order 时间顺序

tTime order 时间顺序 教学目的:讲清如何用时间顺序安排材料以达到段落的连贯性的写作方法,通过练习,使学 生掌握运用该方法安排段落中句子的顺序。 教学重点:1)按时间顺序叙述事件的写作手法2)关联词的运用 教学难点:关联词的运用 教学方法:教师讲授,配合问答及课堂练习等形式,引导学生积极参加课堂活动,巩固所学 课前复习提示: 1.重点:1)主题句的写法及中心意思的表达2)段落内部的层次安排 2.难点:段落内部的层次安排 教学内容 1. What is time order?(概念) When telling a story, you most probably relate the events in the order in which they occur In writing, likewise, one of the simplest methods of arranging details in a paragraph is to put them in time orde lends itself well to explanation of processes, narrative of current events and experiences storical accounts In the Autumn of 1620, seventy-three men and twenty-nine women started for America in the ship named the ""Mayflower". They reached their destination on November 21. Later they settled down at a place they cal led Plymouth. In 1621, they gathered in a large crop and the settlers fixed a date to celebrate their harvest in order express their thanks to God. This is the beginning of the holiday called Thanksgiv ing observed in November now Note The italicized words show time order 2 Strategies(写作方法) 2. 1 Time order used in explanation of processes Focus」 Time connectives(时间关联词 Example First fill a kettle with water. place it on the stove Then turn the burner on. when the water boils take the kettle off the stove. Pour the boiling water onto the leaves in a teapot. Let the tea brew for a few i First wash the fruits. Se cond peel them. Third cut them into d ices. Then place the diced fruits onto a plate. Finally pour the salad dressing onto them. Now you can enjoy a cool and fresh salad Class activity Explain the cooking process of a dish you like. Use connectives to achieve coherence in the paragraph 2.2 Time order used in narrative of current events and experiences Time order lends itself well to short narratives. Notice how time order helps achieve coherence in the paragraph

Time order 时间顺序 教学目的：讲清如何用时间顺序安排材料以达到段落的连贯性的写作方法，通过练习，使学 生掌握运用该方法安排段落中句子的顺序。 教学重点：1） 按时间顺序叙述事件的写作手法 2） 关联词的运用 教学难点：关联词的运用 教学方法：教师讲授，配合问答及课堂练习等形式，引导学生积极参加课堂活动，巩固所学。 课前复习提示 ： 1．重点：1)主题句的写法及中心意思的表达 2)段落内部的层次安排 2．难点：段落内部的层次安排 教学内容： 1 ． What is time order ? （概念） When telling a story , you most probably relate the events in the order in which they occur. In writing , likewise , one of the simplest methods of arranging details in a paragraph is to put them in time order . Time order lends itself well to explanation of processes , narrative of current events and experiences and historical accounts . Example: In the Autumn of 1620 , seventy-three men and twenty-nine women started for America in the ship named the “Mayflower” . They reached their destination on November 21st . Later they settled down at a place they called Plymouth . In 1621 , they gathered in a large crop and the settlers fixed a date to celebrate their harvest in order to express their thanks to God . This is the beginning of the holiday called Thanksgiving observed in November now throughout the country . Note: The italicized words show time order . 2. Strategies （写作方法） 2.1 Time order used in explanation of processes Focus: Time connectives （时间关联词） Example1: First fill a kettle with water . Place it on the stove . Then turn the burner on . When the water boils , take the kettle off the stove . Pour the boiling water onto the leaves in a teapot . Let the tea brew for a few minutes . Example2: First wash the fruits . Second peel them . Third cut them into dices . Then place the diced fruits onto a plate . Finally pour the salad dressing onto them . Now you can enjoy a cool and fresh salad . Class activity : Explain the cooking process of a dish you like . Use connectives to achieve coherence in the paragraph . 2.2 Time order used in narrative of current events and experiences Time order lends itself well to short narratives . Notice how time order helps achieve coherence in the paragraph

ocus Time connectives(时间关联词) I usually get up early in the morning. Then I go to the lav atory to brush my teeth and wash my face. Afier that, I go to the sports ground to take some exercise. At 7: 30 I go to the classroom. Lunch is at 12: 00 Afier that, I take a nap. In the afternoon, I study either in library or in dormitory. When evening comes watch TV programmes for a while. Then I listen to the Eng lish broadcast, or prepare my lessons in the assroom. I usually go to bed when the clock striking 1l Just as I was crossing the road near the top of the hill, a car, travelling very fast, came round the corner. Suddenly it swerved violently, skidded on the wet road, hit a lamp-post and turned over. At once I ran to the car to assist the driver, but he was unconscious, with blood on face. Very soon, a number of people gathered round the car. Among them, a young woman hurried into the station and phone for an ambulance a policeman arrived a few minutes later and asked me a lot of questions about the accident. shortly afterwards, the man came round, and he was groaning quietly when the ambulance arrived at high speed and rushed him away to hospital ote: The italicized words show time order Class activity: Narrate one of your most unforgettable experiences in time order. Use connectives to help achieve coherence of the paragraph 2.3 Time order used in narrative of historical accounts Focus:」 Time connectives(时间关联词 The country which is now the United States had its beginning on that strip of land which lies between Nova Scotia and Florida, on the eastern coast, facing Europe. It was here that Jamestown settled in 1607, and Plymouth in 1620. By 1760 settlements dotted the whole strip, in some places far apart, in others close together AI that time, about one hundred and fifty years after Jamestown, there were more than one and ly of them had been born in the settlements. Though New York had been first settled by Dutch, and though Swedes, Germans, Scotch-Irish, and French had also came over, yet the majority of the people were English, the strip of the land was owned by England, and the settlements on it were called"colonies" of England. For most of those early settlers England was hom trategy analysis The above paragraph shows the use of time order to give an account of beginning of U.S history. Dates and the time connectives help relate the historical events in time order, with an explanation added towards the end of the paragraph for the readers fuller understanding of the events Exercise: 1. Put the sentences in the paragraphs below in the correct order I felt very nervous when I went into his office. After I sat down, he said that business was ery bad. The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. Twenty people had already left. "Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. I knew that my turn had come. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra 100 a year!"Dont interrupt, "he

Focus: Time connectives （时间关联词） Example 1: I usually get up early in the morning . Then I go to the lavatory to brush my teeth and wash my face . After that , I go to the sports ground to take some exercise . At 7:30 I go to the classroom . Lunch is at 12:00. After that , I take a nap . In the afternoon , I study either in library or in dormitory . When evening comes , I watch TV programmes for a while . Then I listen to the English broadcast , or prepare my lessons in the classroom . I usually go to bed when the clock striking 11 . Example 2: Just as I was crossing the road near the top of the hill , a car , travelling very fast , came round the corner. Suddenly it swerved violently , skidded on the wet road , hit a lamp-post and turned over . At once I ran to the car to assist the driver , but he was unconscious , with blood on face . Very soon , a number of people gathered round the car . Among them , a young woman hurried into the station and phone for an ambulance. A policeman arrived a few minutes later and asked me a lot of questions about the accident. Shortly afterwards , the man came round , and he was groaning quietly when the ambulance arrived at high speed and rushed him away to hospital . Note: The italicized words show time order . Class activity: Narrate one of your most unforgettable experiences in time order . Use connectives to help achieve coherence of the paragraph . 2.3 Time order used in narrative of historical accounts Focus: Time connectives （时间关联词） Example: The country which is now the United States had its beginning on that strip of land which lies between Nova Scotia and Florida , on the eastern coast , facing Europe . It was here that Jamestown settled in 1607 , and Plymouth in 1620.By 1760 settlements dotted the whole strip , in some places far apart , in others close together At that time , about one hundred and fifty years after Jamestown , there were more than one and half million people here , many of them had been born in the settlements . Though New York had been first settled by Dutch , and though Swedes , Germans , Scotch-Irish , and French had also came over , yet the majority of the people were English , the strip of the land was owned by England , and the settlements on it were called “colonies” of England . For most of those early settlers England was home . Strategy Analysis: The above paragraph shows the use of time order to give an account of beginning of U.S. history . Dates and the time connectives help relate the historical events in time order , with an explanation added towards the end of the paragraph for the reader’s fuller understanding of the events . Exercise: 1.Put the sentences in the paragraphs below in the correct order . (1) I felt very nervous when I went into his office . After I sat down , he said that business was very bad. The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me . He did not look up from his desk when I entered . Twenty people had already left . “Mr. Harmsworth,” I said in a weak voice . He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries . I knew that my turn had come . Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra 100 a year! “Don’t interrupt,” he said

It expanded at first at the rate of one cubic inch of additional gray matter every hundred nousand years; Five hundred thousand years ago the rate of growth hit its peak. Then the growth rate doubled and finally it doubled once more. Starting about one million years ago, the fossil record shows an accelerating growth of the human brain. It doubled again; At that time the brain was expanding at a phenomenal rate of ten cubic in every hundred thousand years Since his mother was free, Benjamin was also considered free. When he was twelve yo old, he attended a school. He showed particular interests and talent in mathematics and soon progressed beyond the ability of his teacher. Born on Maryland farm in 1731, Benjamin Banneker was the son of a slave father and a freewoman mother. As he grew older, his interest in mathematics deepened, and he often would invent and solve his own mathematical problems 2. Using the topic and supporting materials below, write a paragraph with details arranged in time order. First, compose the topic sentence and underline the controlling idea. Then list the number of the items in what you consider to be the proper time order. As you expand and complete each supporting sentence, be certain you have appropriate time order connectives. After you edit your work write your paragraph in correct form Topic: how to write a time order paragraph A. jot down the events to be related and arrange them in time order B. compose plane 2 sentences and the sentences that support them C. credit, write the paragraph in an appropriate paragraph form D. write a topic sentence with controlling idea E. revise, make certain that you use appropriate time order connectives F. determine the purpose for relating the events G. Select the events that support the controlling idea

(2) It expanded at first at the rate of one cubic inch of additional gray matter every hundred thousand years ; Five hundred thousand years ago the rate of growth hit its peak . Then the growth rate doubled ; and finally it doubled once more . Starting about one million years ago , the fossil record shows an accelerating growth of the human brain . It doubled again ; At that time the brain was expanding at a phenomenal rate of ten cubic in every hundred thousand years . (3) Since his mother was free , Benjamin was also considered free . When he was twelve years old , he attended a school . He showed particular interests and talent in mathematics and soon progressed beyond the ability of his teacher. Born on Maryland farm in 1731 , Benjamin Banneker was the son of a slave father and a freewoman mother . As he grew older , his interest in mathematics deepened , and he often would invent and solve his own mathematical problems . 2. Using the topic and supporting materials below , write a paragraph with details arranged in time order . First , compose the topic sentence and underline the controlling idea . Then list the number of the items in what you consider to be the proper time order . As you expand and complete each supporting sentence , be certain you have appropriate time order connectives . After you edit your work write your paragraph in correct form . Topic: how to write a time order paragraph A. jot down the events to be related and arrange them in time order B. compose plane 2 sentences and the sentences that support them C. credit, write the paragraph in an appropriate paragraph form D. write a topic sentence with controlling idea E. revise, make certain that you use appropriate time order connectives F. determine the purpose for relating the events G. Select the events that support the controlling idea