广东外语外贸大学：《国际交流》课程教学资源（PPT课件）mass comm lecture 3 Communication in History

Lecture 3 Communication in History Objectives &o Understand the main changes of communication media in history and the characteristics of each medium o Think about the relationship between the media and the content .o Think about the relationship between the communications technologies and social changes

Lecture 3 Communication in History Objectives: ❖ Understand the main changes of communication media in history and the characteristics of each medium; ❖ Think about the relationship between the media and the content; ❖ Think about the relationship between the communications technologies and social changes

How do we evaluate a medium? o Channel (speed )of transmission Connection with human senses Relationship to time .o Relationship to space o Social and cultural implications of the physical features of the medium

How do we evaluate a medium? ❖ Channel (Speed) of transmission ❖ Connection with human senses ❖ Relationship to time ❖ Relationship to space ❖ Social and cultural implications of the physical features of the medium

Oral Language Sound Oral language 令 Evanescent 令 Mnemonic ☆ Immobile 冷 Simple expression ☆ Cannot be reserved 冷 Rhythmic 冷 Related to hearing ☆ Connected to vision ☆ Centering effect

Oral Language Sound: ❖ Evanescent ❖ Immobile ❖ Cannot be reserved ❖ Related to hearing ❖ Centering effect Oral language: ❖ Mnemonic ❖ Simple expression ❖ Rhythmic ❖ Connected to vision

Oral Culture Spontaneous and outward (emotional o Participatory(communal) o Unifying .o Centralizing

Oral Culture ❖ Spontaneous and outward (emotional) ❖ Participatory (communal) ❖ Unifying ❖ Centralizing

Second orality o Telephone, radio, television, tapes and disks etc 令E| ectric media o Mixed with writing and printing

Second Orality ❖ Telephone, radio, television, tapes and disks, etc. ❖ Electric media ❖ Mixed with writing and printing

Written Language (recorded) history began with writing Comparison with oral language Various media .o Storage and retrieval of information (Reading depending on) Individual social experience and immediate personal context

Written Language ---(recorded) history began with writing Comparison with oral language ❖ Various media ❖ Storage and retrieval of information ❖ (Reading depending on) Individual social experience and immediate personal context

Social and cultural implications of written language s Hearing VS reading(audio vs. visual s Literacy Vs illiteracy . o Power: the control of knowledge(education)

Social and cultural implications of written language ❖ Hearing vs. reading (audio vs. visual) ❖ Literacy vs. illiteracy ❖ Power: the control of knowledge (education)

Printing o Channel(): transportation model of communication 今 Mediun: paper 令 Form hand to machine o Mass)Reproduction: identical ☆ Standardization

Printing ❖ Channel(s): transportation model of communication ❖ Medium: paper ❖ Form hand to machine ❖ (Mass) Reproduction: identical ❖ Standardization

Social consequences of printing printing is second only to the clock in its critical effect upon civilization o a technology that influenced other technologies o a prototype of mass production o a technology that directly affected the world of ideas by making knowledge widely available and creating a space in which new forms of expression could flourish

Social consequences of printing ---printing is second only to the clock in its critical effect upon civilization ❖ A technology that influenced other technologies ❖ A prototype of mass production ❖ A technology that directly affected the world of ideas by making knowledge widely available and creating a space in which new forms of expression could flourish

Telegraph telephone from mechanical to electrical s From transportation to transmission model of communication o Time-space shrinkage: a wired world a global system

Telegraph & telephone ❖ From mechanical to electrical ❖ From transportation to transmission model of communication ❖ Time-space shrinkage: a wired world, a global system