山东大学：《组织胚胎学》实验课程教学大纲 Experiment of Histology and Embryology（英文版）

Syllabusof_Histologyandembryology_(Experiment)Shandong University School ofMedicineWriters: AllTeachers in thedepartment ofhistology and EmbryologyTime: 2019.7.101.Basic information ofthe courseCourseNameExperiment of Histology and EmbryologyCourseCodesd02323170sd02323181TeachingDepartment ofhistologyand EmbryologyDepartmentExperimentTypeVProfessional basic experimentProfessional experimentComprehensiveexperimentlnnovativeexperimentOpenexperimentCourseTypevCompulsoryElectiveExperimentalTypeVIndependentcourseNon-independentcourseForWhichMajorForeign studentsCreditsLecture Hours32Experiment Hours32Human AnatomyPrerequisitecourseWebsitethehttp://course.sdu.edu.cn/G2s/Template/View.aspx?action=vieofw&courseType=1&courseld=157&ZZWLOOKINGFOR=Gcourse二、DescriptionofthecourseHistology and Embryology are the medical basic courses, composed of two

Syllabus of _Histology and embryology_(Experiment)       Shandong University School of _Medicine_ Writers: All Teachers in the department of histology and Embryology Time: 2019.7.10 1. Basic information of the course Course Name Experiment of Histology and Embryology Course Code sd02323170    sd02323181 Teaching Department Department of histology and Embryology Experiment Type  √Professional basic experiment  □Professional experiment □Comprehensive experiment □InnovaƟve experiment     □Open experiment Course Type  √Compulsory     □ElecƟve Experimental Type √Independent course  □Non‐independent course For Which Major    Foreign students Credits    Lecture Hours 32 Experiment Hours 32 Prerequisite course Human Anatomy Website of the course http://course.sdu.edu.cn/G2S/Template/View.aspx?action=vie w&courseType=1&courseId=157&ZZWLOOKINGFOR=G 二、Description of the course Histology and Embryology are the medical basic courses, composed of two

interrelated and independent courses, Histology and Embryology.Histology is thestudyof microstructure of the normal human body and its related functions, including themicrostructure of four basic tissues and all kinds of organs under the light microscopeandelectronmicroscopyandtherelationshipbetweenthestructuresandfunctions.Embryologyisthe studyof thedevelopment ofhumanbodyandits mechanisms.Itmainly introduces the development of human embryos and fetuses, as well as thecongenitalmalformations.三，Learningobjectives【Learningobjectives]The items of basic skill training of these subjects are to require the students tomake their studying ability progressively, to try how to take the notes briefly duringlistening to the lecture ,to use the teaching outline, textbook and laboratory guideefficiently;to use and to take care of the original light microscope skillfully, to befamiliar with the uses of every parts of microscope;to draw or describe themorphologic structure featureof cells, tissues and organs observed under themicroscope correctly using picture, language and writing .【Teachingrequirements】Histology is a science which study the microstructure under the light microscope(L.M)and the ultra-structure under the electron microscope of the human body, andrelationship between the microstructure and function. Embryology is a science whichstudies the development of the human body.The teaching purposes of these subjectsare to induce the students who acquire the basic theories and knowledge of these twocourses and gain relative basic skill training. By studying, the students should achievesuch level:to distinguish the L.M structure of varieties of cells, tissues and main organs,to distinguish the ultra-structure of themain cells and tissues of the body,toknow therelationship between the structure and function, to gain a systemic knowledge abouttheearlydevelopment of the human embryo andthedevelopmentof the main organs,toestablishagoodbasisforlearningotherbasicandclinicalmedicalcourses

interrelated and independent courses, Histology and Embryology. Histology is the study of microstructure of the normal human body and its related functions, including the microstructure of four basic tissues and all kinds of organs under the light microscope and electron microscopy and the relationship between the structures and functions. Embryology is the study of the development of human body and its mechanisms. It mainly introduces the development of human embryos and fetuses, as well as the congenital malformations. 三、Learning objectives 【Learning objectives】 The items of basic skill training of these subjects are ①to require the students to make their studying ability progressively, to try how to take the notes briefly during listening to the lecture ,to use the teaching outline, textbook and laboratory guide efficiently;②to use and to take care of the original light microscope skillfully, to be familiar with the uses of every parts of microscope;③to draw or describe the morphologic structure feature of cells, tissues and organs observed under the microscope correctly using picture, language and writing . 【Teaching requirements】 Histology is a science which study the microstructure under the light microscope (L.M)and the ultra‐structure under the electron microscope of the human body, and relationship between the microstructure and function. Embryology is a science which studies the development of the human body. The teaching purposes of these subjects are to induce the students who acquire the basic theories and knowledge of these two courses and gain relative basic skill training. By studying, the students should achieve such level: to distinguish the L.M structure of varieties of cells, tissues and main organs, to distinguish the ultra‐structure of the main cells and tissues of the body, to know the relationship between the structure and function, to gain a systemic knowledge about the early development of the human embryo and the development of the main organs, to establish a good basis for learning other basic and clinical medical courses

四、The sequenceand the distribution of teaching hourLecturepractice1IntroductionHistologyBasictissueChapter133Epithelial TissueChapter 222Connective tissue properChapter 322Cartilage and boneChapter 432BloodChapter522Muscle TissueChapter 633NerveTissueChapter723CirculatorySystemChapter 822SkinChapter933ImmuneSystemChapter1033Endocrine SystemChapter1132DigestivetractsChapter1232Digestive gland

四、The sequence and the distribution of teaching hour Lecture          practice Introduction                                               1                                           Histology Basic tissue Chapter 1                       Epithelial Tissue                                             3                 3 Chapter 2    Connective tissue proper                                      2                  2     Chapter 3 Cartilage and bone                                           2                 2                       Chapter 4    Blood                                                     3                 2 Chapter 5     Muscle Tissue                                               2                 2 Chapter 6 Nerve Tissue                                                3                 3 Chapter 7 Circulatory System                                           2                 3 Chapter 8 Skin                                                       2                 2    Chapter 9 Immune System                                              3                 3 Chapter 10 Endocrine System                                             3                 3 Chapter 11 Digestive tracts                                               3                 2 Chapter 12 Digestive gland                                               3                 2

Chapter1332RespiratorySystemChapter1432UrinarySystemChapter 1532TheMaleReproductiveSystemChapter1643TheFemaleReproductive SystemChapter1722Sense OrgansEmbryologyChapter 18general Embryology (early development)Chapter 22developmentofface,palateChapter 32development of digestiveand respiratorySystemChapter 43development of urogenital SystemChapter 53developmentofcirculatorySystemTotal6440Contents of OutlineIntroduction

Chapter 13 Respiratory System                                            3                 2    Chapter 14 Urinary System                                               3                 2 Chapter 15 The Male Reproductive System                                  3                 2 Chapter 16 The Female Reproductive System                                4                3 Chapter 17    Sense Organs                                                2                 2 Embryology Chapter 1                                              general Embryology (early development)                          8               Chapter 2 development of face, palate                                     2                    Chapter 3 development of digestive and respiratory System                    2 Chapter 4 development of urogenital System                              3            Chapter 5    development of circulatory System                              3                Total                                                      64              40 Contents of Outline     Introduction

Learningobjectives1.Know the research object and purposeof histology and embryology.2.Know the common research technics of histology and embryology.3.Knowtherelationshipbetweenthecubicmorphologywithvarietiesofsections.Teachingcontents1.The research contents and the situation in medicineof Histologyand Embryology2.The common research technics of Histology and Embryology.The basic principle ofmanufactoryof Histological sections.The meaning of acidophilic, basophilic andneutrophilic affinities.The basicprincipleof manufactory of ultra-thin section.Themeaning ofhigh electron dense and low electron dense of transmission electron micrograph.Theobservation of scanning electron microscope.The basic principle of freeze etching and freezefracture.Thebasicprincipleofhistochemistry,immunohistochemistryandautoradiography(the observation of light microscope and transmission electron microscope).Themethod of issueculture.3.The relationship between cubicmorphologyandvarieties of sections.4.Thecommonlengthunitofmicroscope,usetheinternational unitsystemcorrectlyPracticecontentsSpecimen of L.M:H.Estain, AgNos strain, histochemistry,PAS reaction,alkalinephosphataseand so on..Electron micrograph:The structural pictures of the cell under the transmission electrormicroscope.The structural pictures under the scanning electron microscope.Freeze fracture,freeze etching pictures.Demonstration:themanufactoryprocessesofhistologicalsections.HistologyBasic TissueLearningobjectives1.Understand the conception and type of tissue

Learning objectives 1.Know the research object and purpose of histology and embryology. 2.Know the common research technics of histology and embryology. 3.Know the relationship between the cubic morphology with varieties of sections. Teaching contents 1. The research contents and the situation in medicine of Histology and Embryology . 2. The common research technics of Histology and Embryology. The basic principle of manufactory of Histological sections.    The meaning of acidophilic, basophilic and neutrophilic affinities. The basic principle of manufactory of ultra‐thin section. The meaning of high electron dense and low electron dense of transmission electron micrograph. The observation of scanning electron microscope. The basic principle of freeze etching and freeze fracture. The basic principle of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and autoradiography(the observation of light microscope and transmission electron microscope). The method of issue culture. 3. The relationship between cubic morphology and varieties of sections. 4. The common length unit of microscope , use the international unit system correctly. Practice contents Specimen of L.M: H.E stain, AgNo3 strain, histochemistry, PAS reaction, alkaline phosphatase    and so on. Electron micrograph: The structural pictures of the cell under the transmission electron microscope. The structural pictures under the scanning electron microscope. Freeze fracture, freeze etching pictures. Demonstration: the manufactory processes of histological sections. Histology Basic Tissue Learning objectives 1. Understand the conception and type of tissue

2.Know the meaning and origin of intercellularmatrixTeaching contentsTheconceptionandtypeoftissueandbasicfunctions ofvarieties of tissuesThemeaningandoriginof theintercellularmatrixChapter1EpithelialTissueLearning objectives1.Understand the general features and classification of epithelial tissue.2.Understand the structured features and functions of varieties of covering epithelium.3.Understand theL.M structure,E.Mstructuredfeatures and functionsofmicrovilli and cilia4.Understand the ultra-structurefeatures and functions of varieties of intercellular conjunctions5.Understand the position, L.M structure,ultra-structureandfunction of basementmembrane6. Know the conception of glandular cells, glandular epithelium and glands, and themorphological classification of exocrineglandsTeachingcontents1.The general features and classification of epithelial tissue. The conception and generalfunctions of covering epithelium,glandular epithelium and sense epithelium.2.Covering epithelium:thegeneral features and classification of covering epithelium,epithelialpolarity.The structure and function of simple squamous epithelium,simple cuboidepithelium ,simple columnar epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium, stratifiedsquamous epithelium,stratified columnar epithelium and transitional epithelium.3.The special structures of epithelial cell :The L.M and Ultra-structured features and functionsof microvilli and cilia in the free surface of the epithelial cell.The distribution of conjunctivestructure and junctional complex in the lateral surface of the epithelial cell. TheUltra-structured featureof plasma membraneinfolding and hemidesmosome in thebasalsurface of the epithelial cell. The L.M. structure., Ultra-structure and function of basementmembrane. The composition and formation of the basement membrane.4.Glandularepithelium:The conception of glandular cell,glandular epithelium and gland.The

2. Know the meaning and origin of intercellular matrix. Teaching contents     The conception and type of tissue and basic functions of varieties of tissues. The meaning and origin of the intercellular matrix. Chapter 1    Epithelial Tissue Learning objectives 1. Understand the general features and classification of epithelial tissue. 2. Understand the structured features and functions of varieties of covering epithelium. 3. Understand the L.M structure, E.M structured features and functions of microvilli and cilia.    4. Understand the ultra‐structure features and functions of varieties of intercellular conjunctions. 5. Understand the position, L.M structure, ultra‐structure and function of basement membrane. 6. Know the conception of glandular cells, glandular epithelium and glands, and the morphological classification of exocrine glands. Teaching contents 1. The general features and classification of epithelial tissue. The conception and general functions of covering epithelium, glandular epithelium and sense epithelium. 2. Covering epithelium: the general features and classification of covering epithelium, epithelial polarity. The structure and function of simple squamous epithelium, simple cuboid epithelium ,simple columnar epithelium,    pseudostratified columnar epithelium , stratified squamous epithelium, stratified columnar epithelium and transitional epithelium. 3. The special structures of epithelial cell :The L.M and Ultra‐structured features and functions of microvilli and cilia in the free surface of the epithelial cell. The distribution of conjunctive structure and junctional complex in the lateral surface of the epithelial cell. The Ultra‐structured feature of plasma membrane    infolding and hemidesmosome in the basal surface of the epithelial cell. The L.M. structure., Ultra‐structure and function of basement membrane. The composition and formation of the basement membrane. 4. Glandular epithelium: The conception of glandular cell, glandular epithelium and gland. The

generation of glandular cell and gland. The general features of exocrine gland and endocrinegland. The classification of exocrine gland, unicellular gland and multi-cellular gland, themorphological classification of multi-cellular gland. The features of mucous gland, serousgland and mixed gland. The characteristic of merocrine, apocrine and holocrine5. The physiologic renew of the epithelium, and the regeneration of the epithilium afterdestruction. The types of glandular cell: protein secretary cell, glycoprotein secretary cell,steroid secretary cell.PracticeContentsL.M. Specimen: simple squamous epithelium, simple cuboid epithelium, simple columnarepithelium, pseudostratified ciliated columner epithelium, stratified squamous epitheliumtransitionalepithelium.Electron micrograph: tight junction, gap junction, intermediate junction, desmosome, cilia,microvilli, hemidesmosome, basement membrane.Chapter2ConnectiveTissueProperLearning objectives1.Understand thefeature and classification of the connective tissue.2.Understand the structure and function of varied composition of the loose connective tissue.Knowthefeatures offibersand composition ofthematrix.3. Know the basic structure and function of the dense connective tissue, adipose tissue andreticulartissueTeachingContents1.The feature and classification ofconnective tissue2.Loose Connective tissueCell:TheL.M.Structure and Ultra-structure of fibroblast and fibrocyte,theprocess offormation of fibers and matrix; the L.M.Structure, Ultra-structure of macrophage and itsphagocytosis; the L.M. structure and Ultra-structure of plasma cell, the formation of antibody;the L.M.structure and its function of adipose cell; the conception of undifferentiated

generation of glandular cell and gland. The general features of exocrine gland and endocrine gland. The classification of exocrine gland, unicellular gland and multi‐cellular gland, the morphological classification of multi‐cellular gland. The features of mucous gland, serous gland and mixed gland. The characteristic of merocrine, apocrine and holocrine. 5. The physiologic renew of the epithelium, and the regeneration of the epithilium after destruction. The types of glandular cell: protein secretary cell, glycoprotein secretary cell, steroid secretary cell. Practice Contents L.M. Specimen: simple squamous epithelium, simple cuboid epithelium, simple columnar epithelium, pseudostratified ciliated columner epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, transitional epithelium. Electron micrograph: tight junction, gap junction, intermediate junction, desmosome, cilia, microvilli, hemidesmosome, basement membrane. Chapter 2    Connective Tissue Proper Learning objectives 1. Understand the feature and classification of the connective tissue. 2. Understand the structure and function of varied composition of the loose connective tissue. Know the features of fibers and composition of the matrix. 3. Know the basic structure and function of the dense connective tissue, adipose tissue and reticular tissue. Teaching Contents 1. The feature and classification of connective tissue. 2. Loose Connective tissue Cell: The L.M.    Structure and Ultra‐structure of fibroblast and fibrocyte , the process of formation of fibers and matrix; the L.M. Structure, Ultra‐structure of macrophage and its phagocytosis; the L.M. structure and Ultra‐structure of plasma cell, the formation of antibody; the L.M. structure and its function of adipose cell; the conception of undifferentiated

mesenchymal cell and varied white cellsIntercellular matrix:the L.M. structure and Ultra-structure,physical and chemicalproperties and stain feature of collagenous fiber, elastic fiber and reticular fiber. Thecomposition,properties and functions of matrix.3.The structured features and functions of dense connective tissue, elastic tissue and adiposetissue.The basic structure and functional significance of reticulartissuePracticeContentsL.M.specimen:the spreading slide and section slide of loose connective tissue, the sectionslide of dense connective tissue, adipose tissue and reticular tissue.Electron micrograph:fibroblast, macrophage, plasma cell, mast cell, collagenous fiber, elasticfiber.Chapter3.CartilageandBoneLearningobjectives1.understand the structure and function of hyaline cartilage, know the features of elasticcartilage and fibro-cartilage.2.understand the structure of osseous tissueand diaphysis of long bone3.know the processes offormation of boneand its remodelingKnow the structure and role of osteoblast and osteoclast in regulation of blood calcium.4.TeachingContents1.CartilageThe structure of cartilage tissue,the L.M.Structure and Ultra-structure ofchondrocyte, thematrix and the fibers of cartilage. The structure and function of perichondrium, the growing typeof the cartilage. The distribution, structured features and function of hyaline cartilage., elasticcartilageand fibro-cartilage.2.BoneOsseous tissue and its generation: The L.M.structure and Ultra-structure of osteocyte,the intercellular matrix of bone.The structure of osseous lamella.The origin, L.M.structure

mesenchymal cell and varied white cells. Intercellular matrix : the L.M. structure and Ultra‐structure , physical and chemical properties and stain feature of collagenous fiber, elastic fiber and reticular fiber. The composition,    properties and functions of matrix. 3. The structured features and functions of dense connective tissue, elastic tissue and adipose tissue. The basic structure and functional significance of reticular tissue. Practice Contents L.M. specimen: the spreading slide and section slide of loose connective tissue, the section slide of dense connective tissue, adipose tissue and reticular tissue. Electron micrograph: fibroblast, macrophage, plasma cell, mast cell, collagenous fiber, elastic fiber.                                                            Chapter 3.    Cartilage and Bone Learning objectives 1. understand the structure and function of hyaline cartilage, know the features of elastic cartilage and fibro‐cartilage. 2. understand the structure of osseous tissue and diaphysis of long bone. 3. know the processes of formation of bone and its remodeling . 4. Know the structure and role of osteoblast and osteoclast in regulation of blood calcium. Teaching Contents 1. Cartilage The structure of cartilage tissue , the L.M. Structure and Ultra‐structure of    chondrocyte, the matrix and the fibers of cartilage. The structure and function of perichondrium, the growing type of the cartilage. The distribution, structured features and function of hyaline cartilage., elastic cartilage and fibro‐cartilage. 2. Bone Osseous tissue and its generation: The L.M.structure and Ultra‐structure of osteocyte , the intercellular matrix of bone . The structure of osseous lamella .The origin, L.M. structure

ultra-structure and function of the osteoblast.The basic development processes of osseoustissue, the osteoid. The origin, L.M. structure, ultra-structure and function of osteoclast. Theroleofosteoblastandosteoclast inregulationofbloodcalcium.The structure of long bone:the structure of spongy bone and compact bone,innercircumferential lamellas, outer circumferential lamellas, intermediate lamellas and Harvensiansystem.Thestructureofosteum,The formation of the bone: (1) the processes of intramembranous ossification (2)theprocesses of endochondral ossification. The formation of the embryonic form of cartilage.perichondral ossification, the formation of bone collar, endochondral ossification, theappearance of primaryossification center. The formation of bone marrow cavity, theappearance of secondary ossification center. The growth of epiphyseal cartilage and thegrowth of bone. The growing thick of the bone collar and the thick of the diaphysis. Thefactors which influence the growth of bone.TheconstantremodelingprocessesanditssignificancepfbonePracticecontentsL.M.Specimen:hyaline cartilage,elasticcartilage,fibro-cartilage,section slide of bone,generation of long boneandflattenbone.E.M.graph:chondrocyte,osteocyte., osteoblast, osteoclast.BloodChapter 4BloodLearningobjectives:1.Understand the structure,function and the normal quantity of different blood cells, includingerythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte;2.Distinguishdifferentblood cells inthebloodsmear.Teaching contents:

ultra‐structure and function of the osteoblast. The basic development processes of osseous tissue, the osteoid. The origin, L.M. structure, ultra‐structure and function of osteoclast. The role of osteoblast and osteoclast in regulation of blood calcium. The structure of long bone: the structure of spongy bone and compact bone , inner circumferential lamellas, outer circumferential lamellas, intermediate lamellas and Harvensian    system. The structure of osteum. The formation of the bone: (1) the processes of intramembranous ossification (2)the processes of endochondral ossification. The formation of the embryonic form of cartilage . perichondral ossification, the formation of bone collar, endochondral ossification, the appearance of primary    ossification center. The formation of bone marrow cavity, the appearance of secondary ossification center. The growth of epiphyseal cartilage and the growth of bone. The growing thick of the bone collar and the thick of the diaphysis. The factors which influence the growth of bone . The constant remodeling processes and its significancepf bone. Practice contents L.M. Specimen : hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibro‐cartilage, section slide of bone , generation of long bone and flatten bone . E.M. graph: chondrocyte, osteocyte., osteoblast, osteoclast. Chapter 4    Blood Blood Learning objectives: 1. Understand the structure , function and the normal quantity of different blood cells, including erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte; 2. Distinguish different blood cells in the blood smear . Teaching contents:

1.Erythrocyte:the morphological characteristic, function and normal quantity; the relationshipbetween the maintenance of normal morphology of erythrocyte and the energy supply of ATP;the life-span of erythrocyte;the structural feature of reticulocyte2.Leukocyte:the classification of leukocyte;hedistinctivefeatures(microstructure andultra-microstructure),functions of neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte and monocyte;the quantity of leukocyte, the percentage of every kind of leukocyte in normal blood.3.Thrombocyte: the morphological characteristic,function and normal quantity of thrombocyte.Practicecontents:L.M.specimen: blood smearBonemarrowandbloodgenerationLearningobjectives:1.Knowthe structure and function of red bone marrowand yellow bonemarrow.2.Understand the basic conception of hemopoietic stem cell3.Knowthebasicroleofmorphologicchangeduringthegenerationofbloodcells.Teachingcontents:1.Thestructureandfunction of redbonemarrowandyellowbonemarrow;thebloodcirculatoryfeatureof thebonemarrow; the conceptionof hemopoieticinductivemicroenvironment.2.The basic characteristics of hemopoietic stem cell; splenic colony experiments; themultipotential stem cell and its differentiation; the committed stem cell of erythrocyte,granulocyte and megakaryocyte system.3.The generation stage and changing rule of erythrocyte, granulocyte and monocyte system; thegeneration of megakaryocyte system and theformation of thrombocyte.4.Thetranspositionofthered bonemarrowandyellowbonemarrowunder certain conditionPracticecontents:L.M.specimen:bonemarrowsmear

1. Erythrocyte: the morphological characteristic, function and normal quantity; the relationship between the maintenance of normal morphology of erythrocyte and the energy supply of ATP; the life‐span of erythrocyte; the structural feature of reticulocyte. 2. Leukocyte: the classification of leukocyte; he distinctive features(microstructure and ultra‐microstructure),functions of neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte and monocyte; the quantity of leukocyte, the percentage of every kind of leukocyte in normal blood. 3. Thrombocyte: the morphological characteristic, function and normal quantity of thrombocyte. Practice contents: L.M. specimen: blood smear Bone marrow and blood generation    Learning objectives: 1. Know the structure and function of red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow. 2. Understand the basic conception of hemopoietic stem cell. 3. Know the basic role of morphologic change during the generation of blood cells. Teaching contents: 1. The structure and function of red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow; the blood circulatory feature of the bone marrow; the conception of hemopoietic inductive microenvironment. 2. The basic characteristics of hemopoietic stem cell; splenic colony experiments; the multipotential stem cell and its differentiation; the committed stem cell of erythrocyte, granulocyte and megakaryocyte system. 3. The generation stage and changing rule of erythrocyte, granulocyte and monocyte system; the generation of megakaryocyte system and the formation of    thrombocyte . 4. The transposition of the red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow under certain condition. Practice contents: L.M. specimen: bone marrow smear