麻省理工大学：《生物材料——组织交互作用》教学讲义（英文版）Chapter 1A Irreversible Healing of Extracellular Matrix

Chapter 1A reversible Healing of Extracellular Matrix

Chapter 1A. Irreversible Healing of Extracellular Matrix

Outline of three lectures on irreversible Healing of Extracellular Matrix. A Irreversible healing of EcMs in different organs. B Structure and function of naturally occurring ECMs C. Synthesis of biologically active ECM models

Outline of three lectures on Irreversible Healing of Extracellular Matrix. A. Irreversible healing of ECMs in different organs. B. Structure and function of naturally occurring ECMs. C. Synthesis of biologically active ECM models

A Injury to ECM is Irreversible Summary 1. After severe injury, and in contrast to the fetus, the adult heals most organs irreversibly(no regeneration) 2. Most organs are made up of three basic tissues (tissue triad): epithelia, basement membrane, and stroma 3. Epithelia and basement membrane are spontaneously regenerative the stroma is not 4. Therefore the central problem in biomaterials selection for organ replacement by regeneration is synthesis of the stroma Text: Chaps. 1 and 2 of Tissue and Organ Regeneration in Adults, by LVYannas, New York, Springer, 2001(on reserve in MIT Libraries)

A. Injury to ECM is Irreversible Summary: 1. After severe injury, and in contrast to the fetus, the adult heals most organs irreversibly (no regeneration). 2. Most organs are made up of three basic tissues (“tissue triad”): epithelia, basement membrane, and stroma. 3. Epithelia and basement membrane are spontaneously regenerative; the stroma is not. 4. Therefore, the central problem in biomaterials selection for organ replacement by regeneration is synthesis of the stroma. Text: Chaps. 1 and 2 of Tissue and Organ Regeneration in Adults, by I.V.Yannas, New York, Springer, 2001 (on reserve in MIT Libraries)

Spontaneous regeneration of amputated limb in the newt(a small amphibian occurs independently of severity of u Image removed due to copyright considerations See Figure 1.1 in Yannas, I V. Tissue and Organ Regeneration in Adults. New York springer-Verlag 2001

Spontaneous regeneration of amputated limb in the newt (a small amphibian) occurs independently of severity of injury Image removed due to copyright consi derati ons. See Figure 1.1 in Yannas, I. V. Tissue and Organ R egeneration in Adults. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001. Image removed due to copyright consi derations. See Figure 1.1 in Yannas, I. V. Tissue and Organ R egeneration in Adults. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001

The healed liver has the same mass but a different shape(resected lobes are not regenerated), than the Image removed due to copyright considerations intact organ See Figure 1.2 in [Yannas

The healed liver has the same mass, but a different shape (resected lobes are not regenerated), than the intact organ Image removed due to copyright consi derations. See Figure 1.2 in [Yannas]. Image removed due to copyright consi derations. See Figure 1.2 in [Yannas]

scarred heart muscle (heart attack) scarred liver (cirrhosis) Image removed due to copyright considerations scarred kidney See Figure 1. 3 in [ Yannas (infection) scarred cornea (infection) scarred heart valve (rheumatic fever)

scarred heart muscle (heart attack) scarred liver (cirrhosis) Image removed due to copyright considerations. See Figure 1.3 in [Yannas]. Image removed due to copyright considerations. scarred kidney See Figure 1.3 in [Yannas]. (infection) scarred cornea (infection) scarred heart valve (rheumatic fever)

Defect site Spontaneous regeneration of excised epidermis

Spontaneous regeneration of excised epidermis

Spontaneous healing of skin excised to full thickness by contraction and scar formation. The dermis does not regenerate

Spontaneous healing of skin excised to full thickness by contraction and scar formation. The dermis does not regenerate

Compressive force Mildly crushed nerve heals spontaneously healing basement membrane regeneration

Mildly crushed nerve heals spontaneously by regeneration

distal proximal healing Transected nerve heals spontaneously by contraction and neuroma(neural scar)formation. No reconnection of stumps

Transected nerve heals spontaneously by contraction and neuroma (neural scar) formation. No reconnection of stumps